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本身免疫性胰腺炎 本身免疫性胰腺炎诊治新进展

点击:0时间:2025-06-16 07:01:02

段春兰+张爱民

[摘要] 本身免疫性胰腺炎是由免疫炎症介导,以腹部不适、梗阻性黄疸等为首要临床体现的特别类型的胰腺炎。其以胰腺肿大、胰管不规则狭隘为特征,常伴有血清IgG4升高、高球蛋白血症及本身抗体阳性。依据病理学特征分为1型和2型,对糖皮质激素医治灵敏。

[关键词] 本身免疫性胰腺炎;确诊规范;激素医治

[中图分类号] R657.5+1[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1674-4721(2014)05(a)-0189-03

Advances in diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis

DUAN Chun-lan ZHANG Ai-min

Department of Gastroenterology,the First Hospital Affiliated to Baotou Medical College,Baotou 014010,China

[Abstract] Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a special type of pancreatitis and it is mediated by immune inflammatory,abdominal discomfort, obstructive jaundice is the main clinical manifestations of AIP,and it is characterized by the swelling of the pancreas and the irregular stenosis of pancreatic duct,it often accompanied by elevated serum IgG4,hypergammaglobulinemia and positive autoantibodies.According to the pathological features,it is divided into type 1 and type 2,it is sensitive to glucocorticoid therapy.

[Key words] Autoimmune pancreatitis;Diagnostic criteria;Hormone therapy

本身免疫性胰腺炎(autoimmune pancreatitis,AIP)是IgG4相关性疾病(IgG4-related disease,IgG4-RD)在胰腺的部分体现,有共同的临床、印象学和安排病理学特色。除胰腺劳累外,还可累及胆管、泪腺、涎腺、腹膜后、肾、肺等。Sarles等[1]于1961 年首要对本病进行了报导,但“本身免疫性胰腺炎”的概念直到1995年才由Yoshida等[2]正式提出。在2001年,AIP被作为缓慢胰腺炎的一种独立分型而存在[3]。因为AIP易被误诊为胰腺癌而导致不必要的手术,近年来逐步引起注重。现将AIP的确诊及医治开展总述如下。

1 流行病学

AIP在全球规模散在散布,现在以日本报导最多,韩国、欧美也有报导。据流行病学查询,AIP发病率相对较低,男女患者份额约为2∶1,均匀发病年纪大于55岁[4]。2004年,我国唐令诠等[5]初次报导1例AIP患者,该患者有安排学依据且对泼尼松等糖皮质激素反响杰出,提示我国也存在AIP。近年来关于AIP的报导逐步增多,我国大陆[6]和台湾地区[7]都有报导。

2 发病机制

AIP的发作与本身免疫相关[8],可兼并多种免疫性疾病,如枯燥归纳征、炎症性肠病、原发性硬化性胆管炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化和本身免疫性肝炎等。免疫学反常包含高球蛋白血症、IgG4升高, 抗核抗体、抗碳酸酐酶抗体、类风湿因子、抗淀粉酶α-2A 抗体[9]、抗乳铁蛋白抗体等本身抗体阳性。AIP患者胰腺安排及外周血中CD4+及CD8+T 细胞显着添加,阐明AIP 的发作与细胞、体液免疫有关[10]。研讨[11]发现,人类白细胞抗原HLA DRB1*0405-DQB1*0401是日本人群AIP的易感基因,估测该病有遗传要素的参加。有试验证明,幽门螺杆菌在AIP的发作、开展中亦起必定效果。一起AIP患者高水平的循环免疫复合物或许经过激活补体体系而导致安排器官危害。

3 分型及临床特色

AIP起病藏匿,依据病理学特征分为1型和2 型。现在全球所报导AIP以1型为主。1型病例以男性为主,与IgG4相关,病理体现为间质纤维化,淋巴浆细胞滋润,故亦称淋巴浆细胞硬化性胰腺炎(LPSP)。常伴有胰腺外危害,如腹膜后纤维化或硬化性胆管炎等。2 型病例性别无显着差异,最大的不同点在于伴有粒细胞上皮的危害,因此亦称特发性导管中心性胰腺炎(IDCP)[12]。

AIP的临床体现缺少特异性,或许因上腹痛、黄疸等症状而就诊[13-14],有65%~83%[15]的病例体现为梗阻性黄疸,细微腹痛,一般无急性胰腺炎体现;糖尿病在AIP患者中的发作率可高达50%[16];试验室查看示血清IgG4升高、高球蛋白血症及本身抗体阳性;B超或CT显现胰腺本质弥散性增大,呈腊肠样改动;磁共振胰胆管造影术上可看到主胰管弥漫性变细[17];MRCP或ERCP示主胰管多发的不规则狭隘,可伴有胆管狭隘,呈硬化性胆管炎体现;胰腺活检可见胰腺弥漫性淋巴浆细胞滋润,安排空隙纤维化, 腺泡萎缩,并可累及腹膜后胰腺安排;胰腺外分泌功用可逆性受损,可继发糖尿病;对激素医治有用。

4 确诊规范及比较

欧美及亚洲均有各自的确诊规范[18]。2002年,日本胰腺学会首要提出AIP的确诊规范,尔后韩国Kim规范[19]、美国HISORt规范[20]相继呈现。于2008年推出亚洲规范[21],成为AIP研讨开展的一个新起点。2011年,世界胰腺学会整合各国对AIP的确诊定见,再次发布世界确诊规范[22]。确诊规范的改变既反映了人们对AIP知道、研讨的开展史,又为AIP的临床诊治供给了更为清晰的依据,如表1所示。 表1 世界一致中1型AIP确诊规范5 医治

口服糖皮质激素是是医治AIP 的首选药物,一般采纳口服泼尼松30~40 mg/d,或依照0.6 mg/(kg·d)挑选剂量。开始剂量医治2~4周后,应结合临床症状、印象学和试验室查看进行归纳点评,如效果较好可逐步减量,以每1~2周削减5 mg为宜,再依据临床体现选用5 mg/d剂量保持。小剂量的激素保持医治可削减复发,但不能彻底阻挠复发。据报导[23]AIP的复发率为17%(6%~26%)。关于复发患者,一般都引荐运用原初始剂量或高于原初始剂量的糖皮质激素进行医治[24]。硫唑嘌呤(AZA)、6-巯基嘌呤(6-MP)或霉酚酸酯 (MMF)等免疫调节剂可用于激素医治无效的患者。还有学者[25]报导,熊去氧胆酸对AIP也有医治效果。关于兼并胆管感染或置疑恶性肿瘤的患者,有必要行外科手术医治。

6 小结

综上所述,因为AIP的病因及发病机制没有清晰,发病率较低(占缓慢胰腺炎发病的1.86%~6.6%[26-27]),人们对AIP的知道尚有限,易误诊为胰腺癌,所以联合确诊非常重要。信任跟着我国对AIP诊治经历的不断丰富,人们对该病的了解将愈加全面和体系。

[参考文献]

[1]Sarles H,Sarles JC,Muratore R,et al.Chronic inflammatorysclerosis of the pancreas—an autonomous pancreatic disease?[J].Am J Dig Dis,1961,6:688-698.

[2]Yoshida K,Toki F,Takeuchi T,et al.Chronic pancreatitis causedby an autoimmune abnormality.Proposal of the concept of autoimmune pancreatitis[J].Dig Dis Sci,1995,40(7):1561-1568.

[3]Etemad B,Whitcomb DC.Chronic pancreatifis:diagnosis,classification,and new genetic developments[J].Gastroenterology,2001,120(3):682-707.

[4]Okazaki K.Autoimmune pancreatitis is increasing in Japan[J].Gastroenterology,2003,125(5):1557-1558.

[5]唐令诠,冯昌宁,蒋智敏.原发性本身免疫性胰腺炎1例报导并文献温习[J].胰腺病学,2004,4(1):41-42.

[6]Song Y,Liu QD,Zhou NX,et al.Diagnosis and management of autoimmune pancreatitis:experience from China[J].World J Gastroenterol,2008,14(4):601-606.

[7]Tseng CW,Tsai JJ,Chen CC.Abdominal aortitis associatedwith autoimmune pancreatitis[J].Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol,2009,7(1):e3-e4.

[8]冯丽.本身免疫相关胰腺炎[J].国外医学消化疾病分册,2005,25(1):46-48.

[9]Endo T,Takizawa S,Tanaka S,et al.Amylase alpha-2A autoantibodies:novel marker of autoimmune pancreatitis and fulminanttype 1 diabetes[J].Diabetes,2009,58(3):732-737.

[10]Uchida K,Okazaki K,Konishi Y,et al.Chnical analysis of autoimmune-related pancreatitis [J].Am J Gastroenterol,2000,95(10):2788-2794.

[11]Ota M,KatsuyamaY,Hamano H,et al.Two critical genes (HLA-DRB1 and ABCF1)in the HLA region are associated with the susceptibility to autoimmune pancreatitis[J].Immunogenetics,2007,59(1):45-52.

[12]Kl■ppel G,Detlefsen S,Chari ST,et al.Autoimmune pancreatitis:the clinicopathological characteristics of the subtype with granulocytic epithelial lesions[J].J Gastroenterol,2010,45(8):787-793.

[13]刘全达,周宁新.本身免疫性胰腺炎诊治的研讨开展[J].中华医学杂志,2007,87(20):1438-1440.

[14]谭晔,方金洲,杨正汉.本身免疫性胰腺炎印象特征的显现:MRI与CT对照[J].中华放射学杂志,2009,43(8):835-839.

[15]Kamisawa T,Okamoto A.Autoimmune pancreatitis:proposal of IgG4-related sclerosing disease[J].J Gastroenterol,2006,41(7):613-625.

[16]Finkelberg DL,Sahani D,Deshpande V,et al.Autoimmune pancreatitis[J].N Engl J Med,2006,355 (25):2670-2676.

[17]Fukumori K,Shakado S,Miyahara T,et al.Atypical manifestations of pancreatitis with autoimmune phenomenon in an adolescent female[J].Intern Med,2005,44(8):886-891.

[18]吕红,钱家鸣.本身免疫性胰腺炎不同确诊规范的讨论[J].胃肠病学杂志,2009,14(1):4-6.

[19]KimKP,KimMH,KimJC,et al.Diagnostic criteria for autoimmune chronic pancreatitisrevisited[J].World J Gastroenterol,2006,12(16):2487-2496.

[20]Chari ST,Smyrk TC,LevyMJ,et al.Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis:theMayoClinicexperience[J].ClinGastroenterol Hepatol,2006, 4(8):1010-1016.

[21]OtsukiM,ChungJB,Okazaki K,et al.Asian diagnostic criteriafor autoimmunepancreatitis: consensus of the Japan-Korea symposium on autoimmune pancreatitis[J].J Gastroenterol,2008,43(6):403-408.

[22]Shimosegawa T,Chari ST,Frulloni L,et al.International consensusdiagnostic criteria for autoimmune pancreatitis:guidelines of the International Association of pancreatology[J]. Pancreas,2011,40(3):352-358.

[23]Kamisawa T,Okamoto A.Prognosis of autoimmune pancreatitis[J].J Gastroenterol,2007,42(Suppl 18):S59-S62.

[24]Takayama M,Hamano H,Ochi Y,et al.Recurrent attacks of autoimmune pancreatitis result in pancreatic stone formation[J].Am J Gastroenterol,2004,99(5):932-937.

[25]Tsubakio K,Kiriyama K,Matsushima N,et al.Autoimmune pancreatitis successfully treated with ursodeoxycholic acid[J].Intern Med,2002,41(12):1142-1146.

[26]Dite P,Novotny I,Trna J,et al.Autoimmnue pancreatitis[J].Best Pract Res Clin Gast roenterol,2008,22(1):131-143.

[27]Zamboni G,Luttges J,Capelli P,et al.Histopathological features of diagnostic and clinical relevance in autoimmune pancreatitis:a study on 53 resection specimens and 9 biopsy specimens[J].Virchows Arch,2004,445(6):552-563.

(收稿日期:2014-03-28本文修改:许俊琴)

[参考文献]

[1]Sarles H,Sarles JC,Muratore R,et al.Chronic inflammatorysclerosis of the pancreas—an autonomous pancreatic disease?[J].Am J Dig Dis,1961,6:688-698.

[2]Yoshida K,Toki F,Takeuchi T,et al.Chronic pancreatitis causedby an autoimmune abnormality.Proposal of the concept of autoimmune pancreatitis[J].Dig Dis Sci,1995,40(7):1561-1568.

[3]Etemad B,Whitcomb DC.Chronic pancreatifis:diagnosis,classification,and new genetic developments[J].Gastroenterology,2001,120(3):682-707.

[4]Okazaki K.Autoimmune pancreatitis is increasing in Japan[J].Gastroenterology,2003,125(5):1557-1558.

[5]唐令诠,冯昌宁,蒋智敏.原发性本身免疫性胰腺炎1例报导并文献温习[J].胰腺病学,2004,4(1):41-42.

[6]Song Y,Liu QD,Zhou NX,et al.Diagnosis and management of autoimmune pancreatitis:experience from China[J].World J Gastroenterol,2008,14(4):601-606.

[7]Tseng CW,Tsai JJ,Chen CC.Abdominal aortitis associatedwith autoimmune pancreatitis[J].Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol,2009,7(1):e3-e4.

[8]冯丽.本身免疫相关胰腺炎[J].国外医学消化疾病分册,2005,25(1):46-48.

[9]Endo T,Takizawa S,Tanaka S,et al.Amylase alpha-2A autoantibodies:novel marker of autoimmune pancreatitis and fulminanttype 1 diabetes[J].Diabetes,2009,58(3):732-737.

[10]Uchida K,Okazaki K,Konishi Y,et al.Chnical analysis of autoimmune-related pancreatitis [J].Am J Gastroenterol,2000,95(10):2788-2794.

[11]Ota M,KatsuyamaY,Hamano H,et al.Two critical genes (HLA-DRB1 and ABCF1)in the HLA region are associated with the susceptibility to autoimmune pancreatitis[J].Immunogenetics,2007,59(1):45-52.

[12]Kl■ppel G,Detlefsen S,Chari ST,et al.Autoimmune pancreatitis:the clinicopathological characteristics of the subtype with granulocytic epithelial lesions[J].J Gastroenterol,2010,45(8):787-793.

[13]刘全达,周宁新.本身免疫性胰腺炎诊治的研讨开展[J].中华医学杂志,2007,87(20):1438-1440.

[14]谭晔,方金洲,杨正汉.本身免疫性胰腺炎印象特征的显现:MRI与CT对照[J].中华放射学杂志,2009,43(8):835-839.

[15]Kamisawa T,Okamoto A.Autoimmune pancreatitis:proposal of IgG4-related sclerosing disease[J].J Gastroenterol,2006,41(7):613-625.

[16]Finkelberg DL,Sahani D,Deshpande V,et al.Autoimmune pancreatitis[J].N Engl J Med,2006,355 (25):2670-2676.

[17]Fukumori K,Shakado S,Miyahara T,et al.Atypical manifestations of pancreatitis with autoimmune phenomenon in an adolescent female[J].Intern Med,2005,44(8):886-891.

[18]吕红,钱家鸣.本身免疫性胰腺炎不同确诊规范的讨论[J].胃肠病学杂志,2009,14(1):4-6.

[19]KimKP,KimMH,KimJC,et al.Diagnostic criteria for autoimmune chronic pancreatitisrevisited[J].World J Gastroenterol,2006,12(16):2487-2496.

[20]Chari ST,Smyrk TC,LevyMJ,et al.Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis:theMayoClinicexperience[J].ClinGastroenterol Hepatol,2006, 4(8):1010-1016.

[21]OtsukiM,ChungJB,Okazaki K,et al.Asian diagnostic criteriafor autoimmunepancreatitis: consensus of the Japan-Korea symposium on autoimmune pancreatitis[J].J Gastroenterol,2008,43(6):403-408.

[22]Shimosegawa T,Chari ST,Frulloni L,et al.International consensusdiagnostic criteria for autoimmune pancreatitis:guidelines of the International Association of pancreatology[J]. Pancreas,2011,40(3):352-358.

[23]Kamisawa T,Okamoto A.Prognosis of autoimmune pancreatitis[J].J Gastroenterol,2007,42(Suppl 18):S59-S62.

[24]Takayama M,Hamano H,Ochi Y,et al.Recurrent attacks of autoimmune pancreatitis result in pancreatic stone formation[J].Am J Gastroenterol,2004,99(5):932-937.

[25]Tsubakio K,Kiriyama K,Matsushima N,et al.Autoimmune pancreatitis successfully treated with ursodeoxycholic acid[J].Intern Med,2002,41(12):1142-1146.

[26]Dite P,Novotny I,Trna J,et al.Autoimmnue pancreatitis[J].Best Pract Res Clin Gast roenterol,2008,22(1):131-143.

[27]Zamboni G,Luttges J,Capelli P,et al.Histopathological features of diagnostic and clinical relevance in autoimmune pancreatitis:a study on 53 resection specimens and 9 biopsy specimens[J].Virchows Arch,2004,445(6):552-563.

(收稿日期:2014-03-28本文修改:许俊琴)

[参考文献]

[1]Sarles H,Sarles JC,Muratore R,et al.Chronic inflammatorysclerosis of the pancreas—an autonomous pancreatic disease?[J].Am J Dig Dis,1961,6:688-698.

[2]Yoshida K,Toki F,Takeuchi T,et al.Chronic pancreatitis causedby an autoimmune abnormality.Proposal of the concept of autoimmune pancreatitis[J].Dig Dis Sci,1995,40(7):1561-1568.

[3]Etemad B,Whitcomb DC.Chronic pancreatifis:diagnosis,classification,and new genetic developments[J].Gastroenterology,2001,120(3):682-707.

[4]Okazaki K.Autoimmune pancreatitis is increasing in Japan[J].Gastroenterology,2003,125(5):1557-1558.

[5]唐令诠,冯昌宁,蒋智敏.原发性本身免疫性胰腺炎1例报导并文献温习[J].胰腺病学,2004,4(1):41-42.

[6]Song Y,Liu QD,Zhou NX,et al.Diagnosis and management of autoimmune pancreatitis:experience from China[J].World J Gastroenterol,2008,14(4):601-606.

[7]Tseng CW,Tsai JJ,Chen CC.Abdominal aortitis associatedwith autoimmune pancreatitis[J].Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol,2009,7(1):e3-e4.

[8]冯丽.本身免疫相关胰腺炎[J].国外医学消化疾病分册,2005,25(1):46-48.

[9]Endo T,Takizawa S,Tanaka S,et al.Amylase alpha-2A autoantibodies:novel marker of autoimmune pancreatitis and fulminanttype 1 diabetes[J].Diabetes,2009,58(3):732-737.

[10]Uchida K,Okazaki K,Konishi Y,et al.Chnical analysis of autoimmune-related pancreatitis [J].Am J Gastroenterol,2000,95(10):2788-2794.

[11]Ota M,KatsuyamaY,Hamano H,et al.Two critical genes (HLA-DRB1 and ABCF1)in the HLA region are associated with the susceptibility to autoimmune pancreatitis[J].Immunogenetics,2007,59(1):45-52.

[12]Kl■ppel G,Detlefsen S,Chari ST,et al.Autoimmune pancreatitis:the clinicopathological characteristics of the subtype with granulocytic epithelial lesions[J].J Gastroenterol,2010,45(8):787-793.

[13]刘全达,周宁新.本身免疫性胰腺炎诊治的研讨开展[J].中华医学杂志,2007,87(20):1438-1440.

[14]谭晔,方金洲,杨正汉.本身免疫性胰腺炎印象特征的显现:MRI与CT对照[J].中华放射学杂志,2009,43(8):835-839.

[15]Kamisawa T,Okamoto A.Autoimmune pancreatitis:proposal of IgG4-related sclerosing disease[J].J Gastroenterol,2006,41(7):613-625.

[16]Finkelberg DL,Sahani D,Deshpande V,et al.Autoimmune pancreatitis[J].N Engl J Med,2006,355 (25):2670-2676.

[17]Fukumori K,Shakado S,Miyahara T,et al.Atypical manifestations of pancreatitis with autoimmune phenomenon in an adolescent female[J].Intern Med,2005,44(8):886-891.

[18]吕红,钱家鸣.本身免疫性胰腺炎不同确诊规范的讨论[J].胃肠病学杂志,2009,14(1):4-6.

[19]KimKP,KimMH,KimJC,et al.Diagnostic criteria for autoimmune chronic pancreatitisrevisited[J].World J Gastroenterol,2006,12(16):2487-2496.

[20]Chari ST,Smyrk TC,LevyMJ,et al.Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis:theMayoClinicexperience[J].ClinGastroenterol Hepatol,2006, 4(8):1010-1016.

[21]OtsukiM,ChungJB,Okazaki K,et al.Asian diagnostic criteriafor autoimmunepancreatitis: consensus of the Japan-Korea symposium on autoimmune pancreatitis[J].J Gastroenterol,2008,43(6):403-408.

[22]Shimosegawa T,Chari ST,Frulloni L,et al.International consensusdiagnostic criteria for autoimmune pancreatitis:guidelines of the International Association of pancreatology[J]. Pancreas,2011,40(3):352-358.

[23]Kamisawa T,Okamoto A.Prognosis of autoimmune pancreatitis[J].J Gastroenterol,2007,42(Suppl 18):S59-S62.

[24]Takayama M,Hamano H,Ochi Y,et al.Recurrent attacks of autoimmune pancreatitis result in pancreatic stone formation[J].Am J Gastroenterol,2004,99(5):932-937.

[25]Tsubakio K,Kiriyama K,Matsushima N,et al.Autoimmune pancreatitis successfully treated with ursodeoxycholic acid[J].Intern Med,2002,41(12):1142-1146.

[26]Dite P,Novotny I,Trna J,et al.Autoimmnue pancreatitis[J].Best Pract Res Clin Gast roenterol,2008,22(1):131-143.

[27]Zamboni G,Luttges J,Capelli P,et al.Histopathological features of diagnostic and clinical relevance in autoimmune pancreatitis:a study on 53 resection specimens and 9 biopsy specimens[J].Virchows Arch,2004,445(6):552-563.

(收稿日期:2014-03-28本文修改:许俊琴)

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