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嗜酸细胞增多症能彻底治愈 隐匿性脑梗死和多血管床病变相关性研讨

点击:0时间:2026-02-13 12:57:28

柯博熙 陆蓉 陈秋月

[摘要] 意图 研讨隐匿性脑梗死(SCI)和多血管床病变(PolyVD)的相关性,为辨认脑梗死高危人群供给根据。 办法 归入2015年2月~2016年6月入住台州市中心医院神经内科的患者,95例被确诊为初次隐匿性脑梗死的患者作为脑梗死组,95例同期头晕、头痛而经头颅MRI证明无梗死灶者作为对照组。检测外周动脉区(颈动脉、锁骨下动脉、下肢动脉)及冠状动脉、颅内动脉,比较各个区域血管床病变状况。 成果 两组患者在性别、年纪、烟酒史及高血压病史、糖尿病史、冠心病史、血脂基线水平等方面差异无统计学含义(P>0.05)。检测外周血管区(颈动脉、锁骨下动脉、下肢动脉)及冠状动脉、颅内动脉,相应动脉病变检出率,脑梗死组分别为65.3%、24.2%、33.7%,21.1%、32.6%,对照组分别为49.5%、17.9%、25.3%、15.8%、24.2%,其间脑梗死组颈动脉斑块检出率高于对照组,差异有统计学含义(χ2=4.842,P=0.028)。两组病变血管检出条数率分别为35.4%、27.4%,脑梗死组高于对照组,差异有统计学差异(χ2=8.689,P=0.003)。外周动脉、冠状动脉、颅内动脉的三个区域,两组1个区域发作动脉粥样硬化病变分别是37.9%、72.6%,存在2个区域血管病变分别为47.4%、22.1%,存在3个区域血管病变分别为14.7%、5.3%,两组病变区域比较,差异有统计学含义(Z=4.761,P=0.000<0.01)。兩组PolyVD发作率分别为62.1%、27.4%,差异有统计学含义(χ2=23.183,P=0.000<0.01)。 定论 PolyVD和SCI存在相关性,是脑卒中的危险要素,病变血管越多,导致卒中的危险大。

[关键词] 脑梗死;多血管床;外周动脉;冠状动脉

[中图分类号] R743.3;R766 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2016)33-0008-04

[Abstract] Objective To study the correlation between silent cerebral infarction(SCI) and polyvascular disease(PolyVD), and to provide evidence for identifying high risk population of cerebral infarction. Methods From February 2015 to June 2016, patients admitted to Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Taizhou City were enrolled in this study. Among them, 95 patients who were diagnosed as first SCI were enrolled in the cerebral infarction group, 95 patients with dizziness and headache while had no cerebral infarction confirmed by head MRI were enrolled in the control group. Peripheral arterial areas(carotid artery, subclavian artery, lower extremity artery), coronary artery and intracranial artery were examined, the vascular bed lesions were compared in each region. Results There were no significant differences in sex, age, history of alcohol and tobacco, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and blood lipid baseline level between the two groups(P>0.05). The detection rate of cerebral arteries was 65.3%, 24.2%, 33.7%, 21.1% and 32.6% respectively in the peripheral arterial areas (carotid artery, subclavian artery, lower extremity artery), coronary artery and intracranial artery,while the control group was 49.5%, 17.9%, 25.3%, 15.8%, 24.2% respectively, in which, the carotid plaque detected was significantly higher in the cerebral infarction group than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=4.842, P=0.028). The ratio of the number of blood vessels detected in the two groups were 35.4% and 27.4%, respectively, which was higher in the cerebral infarction group than the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2=8.689, P=0.003). The incidence of one atherosclerotic lesion occured in the three regions of peripheral artery, coronary artery and intracranial artery between the two groups was 37.9% and 72.6%, while the incidence of two lesions occurred was 47.4% and 22.1%, respectively, the incidence of three lesions occurred was 14.7% and 5.3%, respectively, showed statistically significant differences between the two groups(Z=4.761, P=0.000<0.01). The incidence of PolyVD in the two groups was 62.1% and 27.4%, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups(χ2=23.183, P=0.000<0.01). Conclusion There is a correlation between PolyVD and SCI, and it is an risk factor for stroke. The more vascular lesions, the greater the risk of stroke.

[Key words] Cerebral infarction; Polyvascular; Peripheral artery; Coronary artery

脑血管病已居我国疾病死亡率首位,脑梗死具有高发病率、高死亡率和高致残率[1]。其间,隐匿性脑梗死(silent cerebral infarction,SCI)或称无症状性脑梗死,是指经头颅磁共振成像(MRI)等查看发现脑梗死,而在临床上无显着相应的神经系统残缺症状和体征,或体现细微简略被忽视,列在2015年脑血管病分类中。SCI对错致残性卒中,怎么针对病因精准有用干涉,尤其是多血管床病变(polyvascular disease,PolyVD),成为新的研讨课题。动脉粥样硬化是全身性疾病,是脑梗死发作、开展的重要病因,被以为是猜测脑卒中发作的首要危险要素[2]。PolyVD指临床承认的2~3处动脉区域,首要体现为脑血管病(cerebrovascular disease,CVD)、冠心病(coronary artery disease,CAD)、外周动脉疾病(peripheral arterial disease,PAD)[3]。本研讨探討SCI和PolyVD是否相关,为猜测脑梗死高危人群供给根据。

1 材料与办法

1.1一般材料

脑梗死组:归入2015年2月~2016年6月入住台州市中心医院神经内科患者,95例为初次确诊SCI患者,经过头颅MRI确诊。归入规范:根据全国第4届脑血管会议提出的脑梗死的确诊规范[4]。扫除规范:①出血性脑梗死;②动脉炎致脑梗死;③有清晰栓子来历如心房颤动、风湿性心脏病、脂肪栓塞等所造成的脑梗死;④血液成分改动导致的脑梗死;⑤ 肿瘤、全身免疫性疾病;⑥有脑卒中史。对照组:归入95例同期头晕头痛而经头颅MRI证明无梗死灶者。试验计划经伦理学委员会同意,研讨目标签署知情同意书。

1.2调查目标

一切当选患者均行头颅MRI+MRA/或CTA,颈动脉(包含椎动脉)、锁骨下动脉、下肢动脉彩超,冠脉CTA(心电图、心超反常患者),心电图,心超,TCD及肝肾功用、心肌酶、血糖、血脂等查看。具体记录入组患者的临床材料,包含年纪、性别、高血压病、糖尿病、冠心病、吸烟、喝酒史等材料。

1.3仪器与办法

(1)颈动脉、下肢动脉彩超选用GE logic E9多普勒血流显像仪,锁骨下动脉选用德国DWL Doppler-BoX经颅多普勒血流剖析仪,颅内动脉、冠状动脉经过GE1.5 TMR、宝石HD750CT(64)检测。查看内容包含血管形状、内膜厚度、斑块回声性质、管腔狭隘程度等。局限性内里膜厚度≥1.5 mm并闯入管腔界说为动脉硬化斑块构成,血管狭隘率≥50%界说为血管狭隘。

(2)患者入院后取静脉血送检总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血常规、凝血功用、心肌酶谱、血糖、肝肾功用等。查验仪器为西门子进口全自动化仪。

1.4 统计学办法

选用SPSS 23.0软件对数据进行统计剖析,满意正态性的计量材料用均数±规范差(x±s)标明,比较选用独立样本t查验;不满意正态性的选用Mann-Whitney U查验;计数材料比较选用χ2查验,P<0.05标明差异有统计学含义。

2 成果

2.1 两组基线材料比较

两组各归入95例,一般材料如表1所示,两组患者在性别、年纪、烟酒史及高血压病史、糖尿病史、冠心病史、血脂基线水平方面差异无统计学含义(P>0.05)。无症状性脑梗死组中,前循环系统68例(占71.6%)、后循环系统27例(占28.4%)。

2.2两组动脉斑块检出率及散布比较

检测外周血管区(颈动脉、锁骨下动脉、下肢动脉)及冠状动脉、颅内动脉,脑梗死组动脉病变检出率分别为65.3%、24.2%、33.7%,21.1%、32.6%(n/95),高于对照组动脉病变检出率相对应的49.5%、17.9%、25.3%、15.8%、24.2%(n/95),脑梗死组颈动脉斑块检出率高于对照组,差异有统计学含义(χ2=4.842,P=0.028)。脑梗死组血管病变检出条数率高于对照组:35.4%(168/475) vs 27.4%(126/475),差异有统计学含义(χ2=8.689,P=0.003),(表2)。一起,脑梗死组兼并PAD高于对照组,24.6% vs 18.5%(P<0.05)。

2.3 两组多血管床病变区域比较

脑梗死组和对照组印象学查看发现,存在CVD或PAD或CAD其间1个区域发作动脉粥样硬化病变分别是37.9%、72.6%,两组存在2个区域血管动脉粥样硬化病变为47.4%、22.1%,两组存在3个区域血管动脉粥样硬化病变为14.7%、5.3%。两组血管床病变区域比较,差异有统计学含义(Z=4.761,P=0.000<0.01),能够以为脑梗死组存在PolyVD高于对照组。见表3。

2.4 两组多血管床病变发作率比较

根据PolyVD界说,两组PolyVD发作率分别为62.1%(59/95)、27.4%(26/95),差异具有高度统计学含义(χ2=23.183,P=0.000<0.01),能够以为脑梗死组的PolyVD发作率显着高于对照组。

3 评论

脑卒中病因一直是研讨关键,从闻名的TOAST分型,到最新的我国缺血性卒中亚型(CISS分型),大动脉粥样硬化均是首要类型[5]。在伴有脑血管、冠状动脉血管疾病史,或周围动脉疾病患者,高水平的LDL-C等导致动脉硬化使首要心血管事情危险添加[6]。动脉粥样硬化血栓是导致脑梗死、冠心病及外周动脉疾病发作的直接原因[7]。Maeda H等[8]研讨以为微血管内皮功用障碍也与PolyVD的存在显着相关。国外很多流行病学研讨证明,动脉粥样硬化患者存在多血管床损害现象。而PolyVD和发病最高的脑心梗死的联系,成为研讨关键。SCI作为非致残性卒中,因临床症状、体征不显着,简略被忽视,确诊依赖于头颅MRI弥散成像(DWI)。国外的研讨标明,SCI的确诊率仅占脑梗死的18%[9],是一个很大的患者集体。

本研讨取95例SCI患者作为脑梗死组,取同期95例非脑梗死患者作为对照组,研讨SCI和PolyVD的相关性。两组一般材料的基线水平差异无统计学含义,共检测PAD、CAD、CVD首要的血管,发现脑梗死组的病变血管占检测血管的份额(35.4%)高于对照组(26.5%),差异具有统计学含义(χ2=8.689,P=0.003)。全球性大样本多中心的REACH研讨,发现40%的脑血管病患者兼并冠心病或外周动脉疾病[10],和本研讨得出47.4% SCI患者兼并其他血管区病变的定论根本相仿。Bhatt DL等[11]随访4年发现PolyVD可添加缺血事情再发危险,并得出PolyVD是缺血再发的强独立的猜测要素,本研讨两组PolyVD发作率分别为62.1%、27.4%,差异具有统计学含义(χ2=23.183,P=0.000<0.01),能够以为脑梗死组的PolyVD发作率显着高于对照组,存在相关性。Lee WH等[12]台湾回忆性行列研讨显现,血管床病变部分越多,卒中危险越高。本研讨对脑梗死组和对照组PolyVD区域的比较,发现两组存在2个区域血管动脉粥样硬化病变为47.4%、22.1%,两組存在3个区域血管动脉粥样硬化病变为14.7%、5.3%,差异具有统计学含义(Z=4.761,P<0.01),能够为脑梗死组存在PolyVD高于对照组,且越多血管区域病变,发作脑卒中危险越大。Subherwal S等[13]进行大型行列剖析发现,PAD的缺血性事情危险显着添加,本研讨也发现脑梗死组伴PAD高于对照组(24.6% vs 18.5%,P<0.05)。2013年美国心脏病学会将卒中、冠心病及外周动脉疾病等归于一个大的概念:动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(ASCVD)[14]。Yang X等[15]研讨有用东西对我国人口进行10年ASCVD危险猜测,将有助于改进心血管疾病的初级防备和办理。还有国外的研讨,PolyVD兼并患有心肌梗死(包含NSTEMI和STEMI),静息踝臂指数(ABI)是一个简略有用的丈量东西,能猜测这些患者的广泛的动脉粥样硬化[16],主张下肢动脉疾病患者均应查看ABI。颈动脉斑块和脑梗死联系密切[17],别的有研讨[18]以为,颈动脉内里膜增厚与前期缓慢肾病有关,肾脏功用障碍的前期检测对错常重要的动脉粥样硬化疾病的危险分层。van Kruijsdijk RC等[19]研讨,有显着的血管疾病如脑卒中患者,在心血管疾病和癌症的死亡率危险添加。Abtan J等[20]研讨,心肌梗死后患者随访4年,再发缺血性危险包含脑卒中逐步添加,着重拟定有价值的二级防备战略,以尽量削减心脑血管再发危险。

根据以上研讨,本文得出这样定论:PolyVD和SCI存在相关性,是脑卒中的危险要素,关于脑卒中的发作有重要作用,而且病变血管越多导致卒中的危险越大。对脑血管病一级、二级防备患者,临床医师需重视PolyVD,有助于为脑卒中高危人群的辨认供给根据,操控SCI复发危险。

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(收稿日期:2016-08-20)

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