新春“视”界焕新季:祝贺普瑞眼科SMILEpro手术突破万例 南昌普瑞眼科医院突破1000例
邱媛+沈莉+戎红辉+李永祥+姚明
[摘要] 意图 点评糖化清蛋白检测反映血糖水平的临床含义。办法 选用糖化清蛋白(GA)快速检测法与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)检测法别离检测糖尿病与非糖尿患者血糖水平,剖析二者的相关性以及糖化清蛋白快速检测法的精确性与活络度。成果 糖化清蛋白快速检测法精细度杰出,且抗搅扰才能较好,均契合临床检测的要求。GA与HbA1c、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hBG)均呈杰出的正相关性, 其回归方程别离为Y=0.89X+0.21,Y=0.84X+0.11,Y=0.92X+0.15; r值别离为0.94、0.92、0.96(P<0.01)。 定论 GA快速检测法可反映糖尿病患者近期全体血糖水平,具有重要临床价值。
[关键词] 糖尿病;糖基化血红蛋白;糖化血清白蛋白
[中图分类号] R587.1 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2014)17-0086-03
Clinical comparison of the enzymatic measurement of glycated albumin and the detection of glycated hemoglobin
QIU Yuan1 SHEN Li1 RONG Honghui1 LI Yongxiang1 YAO Ming2
1.Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital of Jiaxing City in Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314015, China; 2.Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Jiaxing City in Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314002, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical significance of enzymatic measurement of glycated albumin (GA). Methods A total of 72 cases of patients with diabetes mellitus and 110 cases of healthy controls were enrolled. The levels of GA were detected by using enzymatic measurement, and the precision and linear rage of the detection kits were analyzed by the detection of samples with high and low levels of GA, and the correlation between GA and other indexes was evaluated. Results The enzymatic measurement of GA was with good precision and better anti-interference ability, and met the requirements of clinical testing. In patients group,there was fine correlation between GA and glycosylated hemoglobin A (HbAlc),fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hBG) (equation of linear regression: Y=0.89X+0.21,Y=0.84X+0.11,Y=0.92X+0.15; r=0.94,0.92,0.96; P< 0.01). Conclusion The enzymatic measurement of GA is with fine precision and anti-interference ability, could be well correlated with HbAlc.
[Key words] Diabetes mellitus;Glycosylated hemoglobin A; Glycated albumin
糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)是红细胞内的血红蛋白与血糖不可逆结合的产品,其浓度与血糖水平成正比,且其含量不受血糖时间短动摇的影响。HbA1c的检测反映了患者近8~12周的血糖操控状况,是现在临床糖尿病效果断定和调整医治计划的金规范[1]。可是,因为血红蛋白半衰期较长,HbA1c反映的是血糖的均匀值,因而关于红细胞更新率添加和/或血糖动摇起伏较大的患者,HbA1c不能精确反映血糖的操控状况,亦不能活络反映血糖的动摇状况[2]。与糖化血红蛋白比较,血清清蛋白(GA)代谢半衰期为21d,因而GA反映了患者近2~3周内的均匀血糖水平,对短期内血糖改动更为活络[3]。本研讨拟选用酶法快速检测糖尿病患者GA,剖析GA与常用血糖目标的相关性,点评GA酶法快速检测在糖尿病患者中运用的临床含义。
1 材料与办法
1.1 临床材料
2012年1~12月我院体检中心体检者血样182例,其间正常健康者110例(对照组),年纪21~65岁;确诊为糖尿病患者72例(糖尿病组),均契合1999年世界卫生组织的糖尿病确诊规范:空腹血糖(FPG)≥7.0mmol/L和/或餐后2h血糖(2hBG)≥11.1mmol/L,年纪33~65岁。一切患者肝、肾、心脏、呼吸功用正常,扫除其他代谢性疾病。endprint
1.2 检测办法
选用雅培C16000全主动生化剖析仪。选用己糖激酶法检测血糖浓度(试剂由日本积水医疗株式会社供给),选用液态酶法检测GA浓度(试剂由日本旭化成公司供给),选用果糖基肽氧化酶法检测HbAlc浓度(试剂由北京九强公司供给)。由全主动生化剖析仪主动完结检测进程,每次测守时均进行质控,断定试剂的精细度、线性等功能。
1.3 统计学剖析
计量材料选用均数±规范差(x±s)标明,运用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学剖析,组间比较选用t查验,选用person相关性剖析参数间相关性,P<0.05为差异有统计学含义。
2 成果
2.1 精细度检测
依照美国临床试验规范委员会(NCCLS)的规范,别离进行批内与批间精细度检测。选用GA含量为4.2%、11.0% 、20.2%规范品血清3份,其间一份接连测定20次以断定批内精细度;另两份每日分上下午各测1次,接连20 d,得到批间精细。成果批内与批间CV%值别离为1.28、2.71,契合要求。
2.2 线性测定
取GA高值标本,用稀释液稀释成4%、8%、12%、16%、20% 5个浓度梯度,测定GA含量,进行线性回归剖析。其回归方程为Y=0.92X+0.23,r=0.96(X为测定值,Y为理论值),契合要求。
2.3搅扰试验
取GA浓度为11.0%的标本4份,别离参加40μL蒸馏水或等量的含8.7 mmol/L甘油三酯或8.4 mmol/L胆固醇,或824 μmol/L胆红素的规范血清,测定GA含量以断定以上要素对GA测定成果的影响,成果显现上述搅扰要素对GA酶法快速测定成果无搅扰。
2.4 糖尿病检测目标剖析
与健康对照组比较,糖尿病组患者HbA1c、GA、FPG、2hBG均显着增高(P<0.01),见表1。
表1 两组血糖目标比照(x±s)
注:与对照组比较具有统计学含义(*P <0.05)
2.5 相关性剖析
对147例患者的相关性剖析显现,GA与HbA1c、FPG、2hBG均具有杰出的正相关性,其回归方程别离为Y=0.89X+0.21,Y=0.84X+0.11,Y=0.92X+0.15;r值别离为0.94、0.92、0.96(P均< 0.01)。
3评论
糖尿病的确诊与效果的检测首要依赖于对血糖浓度的监测,其间糖基化蛋白质的测定是重要手法。与非糖尿病患者比较,糖尿病患者体内存在多种糖基化蛋白质。这些糖基化蛋白质中,HbA1c作为断定糖尿病患者血糖操控水平的金规范,其含量与血糖水平、并发症的发生率密切相关[1]。而全血HbAlc水平操控在7.0 以下可有用下降糖尿病缓慢并发症如肾病、白内障、动脉硬化的发生率,标明HbAlc与糖尿病并发症间相同存在紧密联系[4]。
与从前的研讨成果共同,咱们的成果标明,糖尿病患者HbAlc较非糖尿病患者显着增高。可是,HbAlc是血红蛋白与血糖间缓慢的不可逆结合的产品,其浓度首要受一段时期内血糖均匀水平与红细胞均匀寿命的影响[5]。体内红细胞的均匀寿命约120 d,因而HbAlc仅反映抽血前2~3个月内血糖的均匀水平[6]。可是血糖动摇、进食以及运动HbAlc影响不大,因而其不能反映患者短期内血糖动摇的程度。此外红细胞的更新率添加,如贫血、溶血等状况下,其精确性亦受到影响[7]。
GA由血清清蛋白和葡萄糖以非酶促的氧化反响结合生成。与血红蛋白不同,清蛋白的半衰期不受血红蛋白代谢率的影响,因而检测GA反映血糖操控水平常能够防止上述血红细胞代谢紊乱的影响[8]。与血红蛋白比较,血清清蛋白的半衰期较短,约为21d,因而当呈现短期血糖操控水平动摇时,GA的反响更为活络[9]。2型糖尿病患者承受胰岛素医治2周后,HbAlc从10.9%降至10.0%,而GA 水平从35.6%降至25.0%[10]。提示GA 比HbAlc更能反映DM 药物和其他要素导致的短期内血糖水平的动摇状况,能敏捷、活络、特异地点评和监控降糖药物的效果。此外,GA 比HbA1c能更好地反映糖尿病缓慢并发症,呈现此现象的原因除了与GA能更好地反映短期内血糖动摇起伏外, GA自身的细胞毒性也是重要原因。研讨发现血GA浓度升高使视网膜感光细胞的凋亡添加,标明高GA血症对视网膜神经元存在直接毒性,与DM引起的视网膜病变密切相关[11];高GA血症导致肾小球系膜细胞增生与Ⅳ型胶原排泄添加,促进肾小球硬化,加剧糖尿病性肾病的病理改动[12]。
前期GA的测定依托高效液相色谱法,本钱高、功率低不适于临床运用。固体与液态酶法GA测定技能的开发成功,大大下降了检测本钱,提高了检测功率,简化了操作进程[13,14]。GA酶法快速检测是选用糖化氨基酸氧化酶将内源性糖化氨基酸分解为葡萄糖酮醛、氨基酸、双氧水而去除,在处理液中参加对白蛋白特异的蛋白酶将GA水解为糖化氨基酸,再次运用糖化氨基酸氧化酶将GA水解生成的糖化氨基酸水解为葡萄糖酮醛、氨基酸、过氧化氢。生成的过氧化氢与N, N-双(4-磺丁基)-3-甲基苯胺二钠盐在过氧化物酶的效果下定量生成蓝紫色色素,经过测定此紫蓝色色素的吸光度,核算GA浓度。咱们的研讨成果显现,液态酶法快速检测GA的精细度杰出,且抗搅扰才能较好,能精确地差异糖尿病与非糖尿病患者。GA与HbA1c、FPG、2hBG均呈杰出的正相关性[14,15],标明酶法检测GA简洁快速,且精确牢靠。
因而,GA快速检测法可反映糖尿病患者近期全体血糖水平,具有重要临床价值。
[参考文献]
[1] Schleicher ED, Gerbitz KD, Dolhofer R, et al. Clinical utility of non enzymatic glycosylated blood proteins as an index of glucose control[J]. Diabetes Care, 1984, 7(6):548-556.endprint
[2] Lee SY, Chen YC, Tsai IC, et al. Glycosylated hemoglobin and albumin-corrected fructosamine are good indicators for glycemic control in peritoneal dialysis patients[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(3):57762.
[3] Yang C, Li H, Wang Z, et al. Glycated albumin is a potential diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus[J]. Clin Med, 2012, 12(6):568-571.
[4] Cozma AI, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, et al. Effect of fructose on glycemic control in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials[J]. Diabetes Care, 2012, 35(7): 1611-1620.
[5] Kouzuma T, Uemastu Y, Usami T, et al. Study of glycated aminoacid elimination reaction for an improved enzymatic glycated albumin measurement method[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2004, 346(2):135-143.
[6] Sany D, Elshahawy Y, Anwar W. Glycated albumin versus glycated hemoglobin as glycemic indicator in hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus: Variables that influence[J]. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2013, 24(2): 260-273.
[7] Shen Y, Pu LJ, Lu L, et al. Glycated albumin is superior to hemoglobin A1c for evaluating the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients[J]. Cardiology, 2012, 123(2): 84-90.
[8] Tessari P, Kiwanuka E, Millioni R, et al. Albumin and fibrinogen synthesis and insulin effect in type 2 diabetic patients with normal albuminuria[J]. Diabetes Care, 2006, 29(2):323-328.
[9] Yang C, Li H, Wang Z, et al. Glycated albumin is a potential diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus[J]. Clin Med, 2012, 12(6):568-571.
[10] Kim C, Bullard KM, Herman WH, et al. Association between iron deficiency and AIc levels among adults without diabetes in the national health and nutrition examination survey,1999-2006[J]. Diabetes Care,2010,33(4):780-785.
[11] Song SO, Kim KJ, Lee BW, et al. Predicts the progression of carotid arterial atherosclerosis[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2012, 225(2):450-455.
[12] Cohen MP, Iautenslager GT, Hud E, et a1. Inhibiting albumin glycation at tenuates dysregulation of VEGFR2 1 and collagenⅣ subchain production and the development of renal insufficiency[J]. Ann Physiol Renal Physiol, 2007, 292(2):789-795.
[13] 贾珂珂,李国权,张捷. 酮胺氧化酶法测定糖化白蛋白的点评[J]. 我国试验确诊学,2010,14(10):1620-1623.
[14] 吕冰,王立. 2型糖尿病患者均匀血糖值与糖化白蛋白相关性研讨[J]. 疑难病杂志,2013,(2):28-30.
[15] 汤世博,曹利民. 糖化血红蛋白检测办法研讨进展[J]. 北京生物医学工程,2013,32(3):325-329.
(收稿日期:2014-01-07)endprint
[2] Lee SY, Chen YC, Tsai IC, et al. Glycosylated hemoglobin and albumin-corrected fructosamine are good indicators for glycemic control in peritoneal dialysis patients[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(3):57762.
[3] Yang C, Li H, Wang Z, et al. Glycated albumin is a potential diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus[J]. Clin Med, 2012, 12(6):568-571.
[4] Cozma AI, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, et al. Effect of fructose on glycemic control in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials[J]. Diabetes Care, 2012, 35(7): 1611-1620.
[5] Kouzuma T, Uemastu Y, Usami T, et al. Study of glycated aminoacid elimination reaction for an improved enzymatic glycated albumin measurement method[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2004, 346(2):135-143.
[6] Sany D, Elshahawy Y, Anwar W. Glycated albumin versus glycated hemoglobin as glycemic indicator in hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus: Variables that influence[J]. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2013, 24(2): 260-273.
[7] Shen Y, Pu LJ, Lu L, et al. Glycated albumin is superior to hemoglobin A1c for evaluating the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients[J]. Cardiology, 2012, 123(2): 84-90.
[8] Tessari P, Kiwanuka E, Millioni R, et al. Albumin and fibrinogen synthesis and insulin effect in type 2 diabetic patients with normal albuminuria[J]. Diabetes Care, 2006, 29(2):323-328.
[9] Yang C, Li H, Wang Z, et al. Glycated albumin is a potential diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus[J]. Clin Med, 2012, 12(6):568-571.
[10] Kim C, Bullard KM, Herman WH, et al. Association between iron deficiency and AIc levels among adults without diabetes in the national health and nutrition examination survey,1999-2006[J]. Diabetes Care,2010,33(4):780-785.
[11] Song SO, Kim KJ, Lee BW, et al. Predicts the progression of carotid arterial atherosclerosis[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2012, 225(2):450-455.
[12] Cohen MP, Iautenslager GT, Hud E, et a1. Inhibiting albumin glycation at tenuates dysregulation of VEGFR2 1 and collagenⅣ subchain production and the development of renal insufficiency[J]. Ann Physiol Renal Physiol, 2007, 292(2):789-795.
[13] 贾珂珂,李国权,张捷. 酮胺氧化酶法测定糖化白蛋白的点评[J]. 我国试验确诊学,2010,14(10):1620-1623.
[14] 吕冰,王立. 2型糖尿病患者均匀血糖值与糖化白蛋白相关性研讨[J]. 疑难病杂志,2013,(2):28-30.
[15] 汤世博,曹利民. 糖化血红蛋白检测办法研讨进展[J]. 北京生物医学工程,2013,32(3):325-329.
(收稿日期:2014-01-07)endprint
[2] Lee SY, Chen YC, Tsai IC, et al. Glycosylated hemoglobin and albumin-corrected fructosamine are good indicators for glycemic control in peritoneal dialysis patients[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(3):57762.
[3] Yang C, Li H, Wang Z, et al. Glycated albumin is a potential diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus[J]. Clin Med, 2012, 12(6):568-571.
[4] Cozma AI, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, et al. Effect of fructose on glycemic control in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials[J]. Diabetes Care, 2012, 35(7): 1611-1620.
[5] Kouzuma T, Uemastu Y, Usami T, et al. Study of glycated aminoacid elimination reaction for an improved enzymatic glycated albumin measurement method[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2004, 346(2):135-143.
[6] Sany D, Elshahawy Y, Anwar W. Glycated albumin versus glycated hemoglobin as glycemic indicator in hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus: Variables that influence[J]. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2013, 24(2): 260-273.
[7] Shen Y, Pu LJ, Lu L, et al. Glycated albumin is superior to hemoglobin A1c for evaluating the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients[J]. Cardiology, 2012, 123(2): 84-90.
[8] Tessari P, Kiwanuka E, Millioni R, et al. Albumin and fibrinogen synthesis and insulin effect in type 2 diabetic patients with normal albuminuria[J]. Diabetes Care, 2006, 29(2):323-328.
[9] Yang C, Li H, Wang Z, et al. Glycated albumin is a potential diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus[J]. Clin Med, 2012, 12(6):568-571.
[10] Kim C, Bullard KM, Herman WH, et al. Association between iron deficiency and AIc levels among adults without diabetes in the national health and nutrition examination survey,1999-2006[J]. Diabetes Care,2010,33(4):780-785.
[11] Song SO, Kim KJ, Lee BW, et al. Predicts the progression of carotid arterial atherosclerosis[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2012, 225(2):450-455.
[12] Cohen MP, Iautenslager GT, Hud E, et a1. Inhibiting albumin glycation at tenuates dysregulation of VEGFR2 1 and collagenⅣ subchain production and the development of renal insufficiency[J]. Ann Physiol Renal Physiol, 2007, 292(2):789-795.
[13] 贾珂珂,李国权,张捷. 酮胺氧化酶法测定糖化白蛋白的点评[J]. 我国试验确诊学,2010,14(10):1620-1623.
[14] 吕冰,王立. 2型糖尿病患者均匀血糖值与糖化白蛋白相关性研讨[J]. 疑难病杂志,2013,(2):28-30.
[15] 汤世博,曹利民. 糖化血红蛋白检测办法研讨进展[J]. 北京生物医学工程,2013,32(3):325-329.
(收稿日期:2014-01-07)endprint
