房性心律失常 102例房性心律失常患者P波离散度的特色剖析
高凌燕++++++余杰
[摘要] 意图 评论体表12导联心电图P波离散度(Pd)和P波最大时限(Pmax)对房性心律失常的猜测价值。 办法 选取2016年10月~2017年1月我院收治的频发房早、短阵房速患者102例设为房性心律失常组,经过12导联心电图同步查看测定P波离散度(Pd)和P波最大时限(Pmax),并与健康体检者106名(对照组)进行比照。 成果 房性心律失常组的Pd[(41.5±5.2)ms vs (31.4±5.0)ms]和Pmax[(111.4±7.2)ms vs (105.2±6.7)ms]均显着大于对照组(P均<0.05);与Pmax≥100 ms比较,将Pd≥40 ms作为猜测房性心律失常的目标时,其敏感度(85.3% vs 71.6%)、特异度(85.9% vs 57.6%)及确诊契合率(85.6% vs 64.4%)均显着升高(P均<0.05);与Pd≥40 ms比较,当选用Pd≥40 ms联合Pmax≥100 ms作为确诊目标时,其敏感度(91.2% vs 85.3%)显着升高,而特异度(53.8% vs 85.9%)和确诊契合率(72.1% vs 85.6%)显着下降(P均<0.05)。 定论 P波离散度对临床猜测房性心律失常有重要价值,联合Pmax检测能进步对房性心律失常确诊的敏感度。
[关键词] P波离散度;P波最大时限;房性心律失常;临床特色
[中图分类号] R541.7 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)31-0009-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the predictive value of P-wave dispersion(Pd)and P-wave maximal time limit (Pmax)of body surface 12-lead ECG in atrial arrhythmia. Methods 102 patients with frequent premature beats and atrial tachycardia who were admitted to our hospital from October 2016 to January 2017 were selected as the atrial arrhythmia group. P-wave dispersion(Pd)and P-wave maximal time limit(Pmax)were measured and determined by 12-lead electrocardiogram synchronization test, and the results were compared with 106 healthy subjects(the control group). Results The levels of Pd of [(41.5±5.2)ms vs (31.4±5.0)ms] and Pmax of [(111.4±7.2)ms vs (105.2±6.7)ms] in the atrial arrhythmia group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05 for all). The prediction of sensitivity of(85.3% vs 71.6%), specificity of(85.9% vs 57.6%) and diagnostic compliance rate of (85.6% vs 64.4%) of atrial arrhythmia via Pd≥40 ms was higher than those of Pmax≥100 ms(P<0.05 for all). In the diagnosis by Pd ≥ 40 ms combined with Pmax≥100 ms, the sensitivity of (91.2% vs 85.3%) was increased, and the specificity of(53.8% vs 85.9%) and diagnostic compliance rate of(72.1% vs 85.6%) were decreased(P<0.05 for all). Conclusion Body surface electrocardiogram Pd is an effective index for predicting atrial arrhythmia. The combination of Pd and Pmax is able to improve the diagnostic sensitivity.
[Key words] P-wave dispersion(Pd); P-save maximal time limit;Atrial arrhythmia;Clinical characteristics
體表心电图P波时限是反映心房电活动的重要参数,Framingham心脏研讨对1550名60岁以上老年人随访均匀15.8年发现,P波时限每添加1个规范差值房性心律失常发生的危险比为1.15(0.90~1.47)[1]。P波离散度(Pd)是现在点评心房心律失常的首要目标之一,很多研讨标明P波时限、P波离散度等参数与房性心律失常发生有密切联系,是临床上点评和猜测房性心律失常的重要目标之一[2]。房性心律失常是临床常见的心血管疾病,其间以房性早搏(房早)和房性心动过速(房速)最为常见,频频发生的房性心律失常多存在心脏的器质性病变[3]。本文经过对我院2016年10月~2017年1月期间收治的频发房早、短阵房速的临床患者的心电图进行回忆性剖析,评论Pd和Pmax在临床房性心律失常中的特色,以点评其在房性心律失常临床确诊中的效果。endprint
1 材料与办法
1.1 一般材料
调查目标挑选2016年10月~2017年1月期间住我院医治的房性心律失常患者共102例(52例频发房早、50例短阵房速)设为房性心律失常组,其间男54例,女48例;年纪40~76岁,均匀(63.9±7.5)岁;38例兼并冠心病(37.3%),55例兼并高血压(53.9%),无相关疾病者9例(8.8%)。挑选106名同期进行惯例体检的健康者设为对照组,扫除高血压、冠心病及甲亢、糖尿病等代谢性疾病,其间男57例,女49例;年纪41~75岁,均匀(63.3±8.1)岁。两组性别、年纪等方面无显着差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 办法
一切患者均在窦律、静息状况下行12导联心电图查看,心电图机类型MAC-800。收集心电图时使用酒精擦洗皮肤去脂,以下降基线搅扰。心电图增益设置为20 mm/mV,走纸速度50 mm/s,以丈量P波时限。同步记载12导联心电图,并接连丈量5个心动周期,每个导联的P波时限的均匀值即为该导联的P波时限。P波开始点界说为12导联中最早P波开始于等电位线交点处,P波完毕界说为各个导联P波终末与等电位线交点处。P波离散度界说为12个导联P波时限最大值与最小值的差值。P波离散度添加界说为差值≥40 ms。
1.3 调查目标
检测两组心电图中Pmax及Pd水平,以Pd≥40 ms和Pmax≥100 ms为规范核算各目标的确诊灵敏度、特异度及契合率,以剖析其与房性心律失常的相关性:①灵敏度=[真阳性数/(真阳性数+假阴性数)]×100%;②特异度=[真阴性数/(假阳性数+真阴性数)]×100%;③契合率=[(真阳性数+真阴性数)/总例数]×100%。
1.4 统计学办法
选用SPSS 18.0统计学软件进行统计学数据剖析,计量材料以(x±s)标明,统计学比较选用t查验,计数材料统计学比较选用χ2查验,P<0.05标明差异有统计学含义。
2 成果
2.1 两组Pmax及Pd比较
房性心律失常组的Pmax及Pd均显着大于对照组,差异有统计学含义。见表1。
2.2 Pmax及Pd确诊价值点评
与Pmax≥100 ms比较,将Pd≥40 ms作为猜测房性心律失常的目标时,其敏感度(85.3% vs 71.6%)、特异度(85.9% vs 57.6%)及确诊契合率(85.6% vs 64.4%)均显着升高(P均<0.05);与Pd≥40 ms比较,当选用Pd≥40 ms联合Pmax≥100 ms作为确诊目标,其敏感度(91.2% vs 85.3%)显着升高,而特异度(53.8% vs 85.9%)和确诊契合率(72.1% vs 85.6%)显着下降(P均<0.05)。见表2。
3 评论
窦性心律下心电图P波时限可反映窦性激动经过心房肌电传导的时刻。因为房内和/或房间传导推迟导致电传导折返构成是房性心律失常发生基质,因而P波时限延伸与房性心律失常发生和保持密切相关。此外, 房性心律失常患者还表现为房内不均一性传导,因而丈量12导联P波时限差异即P波离散度(Pd)能反映电传导在心房内/间传导反常。有研讨指出,心房肌细胞可随着年纪的添加呈现纤维化性改动,特别是兼并有心血管系统疾病的患者(如冠心病、高血压以及心肌病等)可加重心房的纤维几许形状反常改动以及心房重构的程度,然后引起心房肌细胞电生理的反常性重构,导致心房细胞自律性、兴奋性以及电活动反常[4],可呈现P波的终末向量增大和方向各异,反应到心电图上可呈现Pmax及Pd加大的特征[5]。本研讨中房性心律失常组患者中38例兼并冠心病(37.3%),55例兼并高血压(53.9%),对照组均为健康体检人群,并扫除了或许影响心脏电活动的疾病如高血压、冠心病以及甲亢、糖尿病等代谢性疾病,成果提示房性心律失常组Pmax及Pd均显着高于对照组,证明了上述研讨成果。研讨标明Pmax是点评心房总容积以及电活动房内、房间反常传导程度的重要目标,而Pd是点评心房的非均质电活动的重要目标,与心房肌细胞电活动传导的非同步有关[6]。咱们选用Pd≥40 ms猜测房性心律失常,发现其敏感度、特异度分别为85.3%、85.9%;已有研讨显现Pd与左心房巨细[7-10]、左心耳血流峰值流速[11-13]、左心室舒张功用正相关[14-15];Pd可猜测房颤复律医治后的房颤复发,Pd>58 ms猜测房颤复发的敏感性为86%、特异性为95%[16];Pd能猜测脑卒中患者是否兼并房颤,Pd>57.5 ms猜测兼并房颤的敏感性为80%、特异性为73%[17];Pd能猜测房颤天然病程的发展,Pd>40 ms猜测房颤由阵发性发生发展为持续性发生的敏感性为71%、特异性为77%[18]。因而,通過核算12导联心电图Pd可直接反映房颤发生临床症状的严峻程度,Pd添加的房颤患者房颤症状愈加严峻,更需求承受医治。
本文成果显现,与对照组比较,房性心律失常组Pmax[(111.4±7.2)ms vs (105.2±6.7)与Pd(41.5±5.2)ms vs (31.4±5.0)ms]均显着升高(P均<0.05),提示Pmax与Pd反常升高或许是临床房性心律失常的重要临床特征。
别的, 与Pmax≥100 ms比较,将Pd≥40 ms作为猜测房性心律失常的目标时,其敏感度(85.3% vs 71.6%)、特异度(85.9% vs 57.6%)及确诊契合率(85.6% vs 64.4%)均显着升高(P均<0.05);当选用Pd≥40 ms联合Pmax≥100 ms作为确诊目标时,其敏感度显着高于非联合时(P<0.05),而特异度和确诊契合率则有所下降(P<0.05),成果提示,相对于将Pd≥40 ms作为猜测房性心律失常的目标时,联合Pmax≥100 ms进行确诊能够下降漏诊率,但其准确性下降,从临床诊治视点动身,应尽量削减疾病漏诊,以便及时医治,因而选用Pd≥40 ms联合Pmax≥100 ms猜测房性心律失常具有重要的临床价值。endprint
[參考文献]
[1] Magnani JW,Johnson VM,Sullivan LM,et al. P-wave duration and risk of longitudinal atrial fibrillation in persons ≥60 years old (from the Framingham Heart Study) [J]. Am J Cardiol, 2011,107(6):917-921.
[2] Magnani JW,Mazzini MJ,Sullivan LM,et al. P-wave indices,distribution and quality control assessment(from the framingham heart study)[J]. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol,2010,15(1):77-84.
[3] 刘鹰,唐耀平. 高血压病患者P波离散度与房性心律失常的联系[J]. 现代电生理学杂志,2004,11(2):88.
[4] Aytemir K,Ozer N,Atalar E,et al. P wave dispersion on 12-lead electrocardiography in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation[J]. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol,2000,23(7):1109.
[5] 李玉冰,莫丽丽,李海珍,等. P波离散度与房性心律失常的联系[J]. 我国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志,2003, 17(6):472.
[6] 郑治. P波离散度与房性心律失常联系评论[J]. 河北医学,2007,13(10):1203.
[7] Burashnikov A,Petroski A,Hu D,et al. Atrial-selective inhibition of sodium-channel current by Wenxin Keli is effective in suppressing atrial fibrillation[J]. Heart Rhythm, 2012,9(1):125-131.
[8] Nussinovitch U. Meta-analysis of P-wave dispersion values in healthy individuals:The influence of clinical characteristics[J]. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology,2012,17(1):28-35.
[9] Xiao J,Zhao Q,Kebbati AH,et al. Wenxin Keli suppresses atrial substrate remodelling after epicardial ganglionic plexi ablation[J]. Experimental & Clinical Cardiology,2013,18(2):153-157.
[10] Minoura Y,Panama BK,Nesterenko VV,et al. Effect of Wenxin Keli and quinidine to suppress arrhythmogenesis in an experimental model of Brugada syndrome[J]. Heart Rhythm,2013,10(7):1054-1062
[11] Vural MG ,Cetin S,Yilmaz M,et al. Relation between left atrial remodeling in young patients with cryptogenic stroke and normal inter-atrial anatomy[J].J Stroke,2015, 17(3):312-319.
[12] Inci S,Nar G,Aksan G,et al. P-wave dispersion and atrial electromechanical delay in patients with preeclampsia[J].Med Princ Pract,2015,24(6):515-521.
[13] Biberoglu EH,Kirbas A,Kirbas O,et al.Prediction of cardiovascular risk by electrocardiographic changes in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy[J].J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med,2015,28 (18): 2239-2243.
[14] Almeida TW,Sampaio DR,Bruno AC,et al. Comparison between shear wave dispersion magneto motive ultrasound and transient elastography for measuring tissue-mimicking phantom viscoelasticity[J].IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control,2015,62(12):2138-2145.
[15] Yavuzkir MF,Atmaca M,Gurok MG,et al. P-wave dispersion in obsessive-compulsive disorder[J].Indian J Psychiatry,2015,57(2):196-199.
[16] Basar N,Malcok Gurel O,Ozcan F,et al. Diagnostic accuracy of P-wave dispersion in prediction of maintenance of sinus rhythm after external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation[J]. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg,2011,11(1):34-38.
[17] Dogan U, Dogan EA, Tekinalp M, et al. P-wave dispersion for predicting paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in acute ischemic stroke[J]. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 2012, 9(1): 108-114.
[18] Chen Y, Nie S, Gao H, et al. The effects of wenxin keli on P-wave dispersion and maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013, 2013: 245958.
(收稿日期:2017-08-12)endprint