ebss诱导自噬 丹参酮ⅡA经过增强自噬按捺AGEs诱导内皮细胞凋亡
胡鹏飞 陆明 黄抒伟
[摘要] 意图 研讨自噬在丹参酮ⅡA按捺晚期糖基化产品(AGEs)诱导内皮细胞凋亡中的效果及相关机制。 办法 丹参酮ⅡA及AGEs处理内皮细胞,MTT法检测细胞活性,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,Western blot检测相关蛋白量表达。 成果 与对照组比较,AGEs组和丹参酮ⅡA组自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ表达添加,SQSTM1/p62表达削减,AGEs+丹参酮ⅡA组LC3-Ⅱ表达进一步添加,SQSTM1/p62表达进一步下降。与对照组比较,AGEs组细胞凋亡率添加,细胞活性下降,与AGEs组比较,AGEs+丹参酮ⅡA组细胞凋亡率下降,细胞活性添加,AGEs+自噬按捺剂3-MA组细胞凋亡率添加,细胞活性下降。丹参酮ⅡA组p-AKT、p-mTOR表达下降,呈时刻依靠性。 定论 丹参酮ⅡA经过增强自噬按捺AGEs诱导的内皮细胞凋亡,这或许与其按捺AKT/mTOR信号通路相关。
[关键词] 丹参酮ⅡA;晚期糖基化产品;自噬;内皮细胞;细胞凋亡
[中图分类号] R363.21 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)21-0028-05
Tanshinone ⅡA suppresses AGEs-induced endothelial cell apoptosis by enhancing autophagy
HU Pengfei LU Ming HUANG Shuwei
Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Xinhua Hospital, Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine University Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou 310005, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the effect and mechanism of autophagy in tanshinone ⅡA suppressing AGEs-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Methods Endothelial cells were managed by tanshinone ⅡA and AGEs, MTT was used to detect cell viability, FCM was used to detect cell apoptosis rate, and Western blot was used to detect protein expression. Results Compared with the control group, the expression of autophagy-associated protein LC3-Ⅱ was enhanced in the AGEs group and the tanshinone ⅡA group, and the expression of SQSTM1/p62 was reduced. The expression of LC3-Ⅱ was further enhanced in the AGEs+tanshinone ⅡA group, and the expression of SQSTM1/p62 was further reduced. Compared with the control group, the rate of cell apoptosis was enhanced, and the cell viability was reduced in the AGEs group. Compared with the AGEs group, the rate of cell apoptosis was reduced and the cell viability was enhanced in the AGEs+tanshinone ⅡA group, and the rate of cell apoptosis was enhanced and the cell viability was reduced in the AGEs+autophagy inhibitor 3-MA group. The expressions of p-AKT and p-mTOR were reduced in the tanshinone ⅡA group, with time dependence. Conclusion Tanshinone ⅡA suppresses AGEs-induced endothelial cell apoptosis by enhancing autophagy, which may be associated with its suppression of AKT/mTOR signal channel.
[Key words] Tanshinone ⅡA; AGEs; Autophagy; Endothelial cell; Apoptosis
晚期糖基化产品(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)是指大分子物质如蛋白质、核酸或脂质在无酶的条件下与其他复原单糖构成的共价化合物,在体内随年纪添加而逐漸积蓄,在糖尿病特别糖尿病并发症、尿毒症、动脉粥样硬化、变老等病理生理进程中起着非常重要的效果[1]。自噬是细胞本身降解大分子或损害细胞器,保持细胞正常代谢,当细胞自噬水平增强时,自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ表达添加,SQSTM1/p62表达下降,本试验以此作为判别自噬水平的规范[2]。咱们前期研讨发现AGEs能诱导内皮细胞自噬水平升高,自噬做为维护性机制能按捺AGEs诱导的内皮细胞凋亡[3]。为进一步评论是否存在药物对这一病理进程有干涉效果,经过MTT、Western blot、流式细胞术等办法,对丹参酮ⅡA按捺AGEs诱导的内皮细胞凋亡及相关机制进行了研讨。
1 材料与办法
1.1 材料
抗LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ多克隆抗体、3-MA、MTT、小牛血清白蛋白(Bovine Serum Albumin,BSA)、D-葡萄糖均购于Sigma公司;雷帕霉素靶磷酸化蛋白多克隆抗体(phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin,p-mTOR)、激酶B磷酸化蛋白多克隆抗體(phospho-protein kinase B,p-AKT)、雷帕霉素靶蛋白多克隆抗体(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)、蛋白激酶B多克隆抗体(protein kinase B,AKT)购自Cell Signaling Technology公司;DMEM培育基、胎牛血清购自Gibco公司;细胞内毒素检测试剂盒购自上海润成公司;Alexa Fluor 488 Annexin V/PI凋亡试剂盒购自Invitrogen公司;人脐静脉内皮细胞株(human umbilical endothelial cells,HUVECs)购自中科院上海细胞库。
1.2 办法
1.2.1 HUVECs的培育 HUVECs接种于含青链霉素双抗及10%胎牛血清的DMEM培育液中,37℃、5% CO2培育箱惯例培育,均匀2天替换1次培育液,用0.25%胰酶(含EDTA)消化传代,等候细胞贴壁24 h后参加AGEs等各项处理要素。
1.2.2 AGEs的制备 参照文献[4],将6.0 g D-葡萄糖和1 g BSA溶解于20 mL的0.5 mol/L PBS溶液中,0.22 μm滤器除菌后37℃培育箱内锡纸包裹避光孵化3个月。在平等情况下,用不含葡萄糖PBS缓冲液溶解BSA作为对照组,检测一切制品内毒素含量<2.5 U/mL。
1.2.3 Western blot检测蛋白 Western blot检测LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ、SQSTM1/p62、p-AKT、p-mTOR、mTOR、AKT。按各组处理后搜集细胞,用RIPA裂解液裂解后提取上清蛋白,经过BCA法定量,与5×loading buffer混合,煮沸5 min使蛋白变性。将上样蛋白(40~50 μg)经过SDS-聚丙烯凝胶电泳,转至PVDF膜,5%脱脂牛奶关闭60 min,相应LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ、SQSTM1/p62、p-AKT、p-mTOR、mTOR、AKT抗体孵膜过夜。TBS-T洗刷3次,参加HRP符号二抗共孵育1 h,按1∶1装备化学发光液,运用LAS-4000-mini化学发光体系成像并进行蛋白条带灰度值剖析。
1.2.4 MTT比色法检测内皮细胞活性 将HUVECs传代后接种于96孔细胞培育板中,待细胞贴壁24 h后分别参加3-MA(2 mmol/L)、AGEs、丹参酮ⅡA(10 μg/mL)等处理要素,每组5复孔,终究细胞培育液体积200 μL。培育48 h后参加20 μL MTT溶液(浓度5 mg/mL),培育箱中培育4 h后吸弃上清,参加100 μL DMSO溶解沉积,摇床振动5 min,于570 nm波长酶标仪测定吸光度值。
1.2.5 Alexa Fluor 488 Annexin V/PI 双染符号法检测细胞凋亡 将对数生长期HUVECs接种于6孔板中(密度:2.0×105/well),贴壁24 h后分别参加AGEs、丹参酮ⅡA(10 μg/mL)、3-MA(2 mmol/L)等处理要素并搜集细胞。按Alexa Fluor 488 Annexin V/PI 凋亡试剂盒阐明书操作,重悬细胞后用流式细胞仪FACS Calibur检测,流式成果经过软件BD Cell Quest剖析。
1.3 统计学处理
一切试验数据均来自3次以上独立试验成果,计量材料以(x±s)表明,选用SPSS16.0软件进行统计学剖析,两组间计量材料两两比较选用t查验,P<0.05表明差异有统计学含义。
2 成果
2.1 AGEs及丹参酮ⅡA对内皮细胞自噬水平的影响
为清晰AGEs及丹参酮ⅡA对内皮细胞自噬水平的影响,用100 μg/mL AGEs或10 μg/mL 丹参酮ⅡA处理HUVECs 6 h,与对照组比较,AGEs组及丹参酮ⅡA组的自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ的表达量添加,p62表达量下降;AGEs+丹参酮ⅡA组LC3-Ⅱ蛋白表达量持续添加,p62蛋白表达量持续下降(P<0.05)(图1)。以上成果表明AGEs及丹参酮ⅡA均能诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞自噬水平升高,并有叠加效应。
2.2 丹参酮ⅡA对AGEs诱导内皮细胞凋亡的影响
2.2.1 MTT比色法测定细胞活性 100 μg/mL的AGEs处理内皮细胞48 h,一组与10 μg/mL丹参酮ⅡA共孵育,一组用2 mmol/L 浓度3-MA(自噬按捺剂)提早预处理30 min,与对照组比较,AGEs组内皮细胞活性下降,丹参酮ⅡA组较AGEs组细胞活性升高,3-MA组较AGEs组细胞活性下降,按捺自噬后导致内皮细胞损害进一步加重。成果表明丹参酮ⅡA可以按捺AGEs诱导的内皮细胞损害,自噬在AGEs诱导的内皮细胞损害中起维护效果。见图2。
2.2.2 Alexa Fluor 488 Annexin V/PI双染符号法检测细胞凋亡 100 μg/mL的AGEs处理内皮细胞48 h,一组与10 μg/mL丹参酮ⅡA共孵育,一组用自噬按捺剂3-MA(2 mmol/L)提早30 min共培育预处理,AGEs组细胞凋亡率显着升高,丹参酮ⅡA组较AGEs组细胞凋亡率下降,3-MA组较AGEs组细胞凋亡率升高,按捺自噬加重AGEs诱导内皮细胞凋亡。以上成果表明丹参酮ⅡA可以下降AGEs诱导的内皮细胞凋亡,自噬在AGEs诱导的内皮细胞凋亡中起维护效果。
2.3 丹参酮ⅡA对AKT/mTOR信号通路的效果
为清晰丹参酮ⅡA对AKT/mTOR信号通路的影响,咱们用10 μg/mL丹参酮ⅡA处理HUVECs,在不同时刻点搜集细胞(0.5 h、1 h),p-AKT和p-mTOR的表达水平跟着效果时刻的延伸而下降,阐明丹參酮ⅡA可以按捺AKT/mTOR信号通路,并呈时刻依靠性(P<0.05)。见图4。
3评论
血管内皮是血管内壁表层由单层内皮细胞构成的薄膜,是血管壁的屏障。血管内皮细胞损害与凋亡导致的血管屏障损坏是动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)的初发病理环节之一[5]。糖尿病患者因代谢反常导致AGEs积蓄,AGEs可经过直接效应或与其受体结合的直接效果导致内皮细胞损害及凋亡,添加细胞促凝活性,影响内皮细胞舒张功用,并终究导致血管通透性添加,顺应性下降,加快动脉粥样硬化进程[6,7]。
丹参酮ⅡA(Tanshinone ⅡA,TⅡ A)是从植物丹参中提取出来的单体成分,具有活血化瘀通络的效果,从西医视点其具有扩血管、抗血小板集合、抗炎、按捺细胞凋亡与增殖、抗氧化自由基、添加冠脉血流、促进冠脉侧支循环构成、下降血压黏度、改进血液流变学等效果,因此在心血管范畴有广泛的使用[8-10]。咱们经过MTT及流式细胞术发现丹参酮ⅡA能按捺AGEs诱导的内皮细胞凋亡,而调理自噬或许是其发挥维护效果的机制之一。张妮等[11]报导丹参酮ⅡA经过调理自噬小体信号通路构成相关蛋白,对ox-LDL诱导的内皮细胞氧化应激损害具有维护效果。
细胞自噬广泛存在于真核生物的病理生理进程中,其本身是一个动态的进程:首要,受损的细胞器或大分子被来自内质网的膜延伸包裹构成细胞自噬体,然后与细胞内溶酶体相结合,构成自噬溶酶体,降解所包括内容物供应本身代谢需求并保持细胞稳态[12-14]。适度的自噬是细胞正常生理进程所必需的,但过度的自噬或许对细胞有维护效果,也或许加快细胞损害,在疾病的不同阶段,自噬的效果也不同,在缺血/再灌注损害中,缺血阶段心肌细胞自噬增强,高水平的自噬对心肌细胞具有维护效果,削减心肌细胞损害,进入再灌注阶段后,细胞自噬水平进一步升高,此刻过度增强的自噬对心肌细胞构成进一步损害[15]。多种信号通路能调控细胞自噬水平,其间mTOR(mechanistic target of rapamycin,mTOR)相关信号通路的研讨较为透彻,也是最重要的一条通路,mTOR是一个保存的丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,当其磷酸化水平升高后对自噬水平进行负性调理,在mTOR上游,AKT经过TSC1/2(tuberous sclerosis1/2)或PRAS40依靠的途径激活mTOR,对mTOR进行正向调理并按捺自噬[16-18]。
Verma N等[19]报导晚期糖基化产品经过激活RAF蛋白激酶及NF-κB然后激活细胞自噬水平。Ma M等[20]研讨发现晚期糖基化产品经过削减组织蛋白酶D促进大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖并按捺其自噬水平。Takahashi A等[21]发现自噬经过按捺肾脏近端小管溶酶体构成和功用然后按捺晚期糖基化产品的积蓄。本课题小组一向从事自噬与AGEs导致的心血管并发症相关研讨。前期研讨发现:AGEs诱导的自噬参加AGEs诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖,其间AKT和ERK/MAPK信号通路发挥了重要效果[22];AGEs经过AKT/mTOR和ERK/MAPK信号通路诱导乳鼠心肌细胞自噬水平升高,经过AKT/mTOR和P38/MAPK信号通路诱导乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡添加,自噬在AGEs诱导的心肌细胞凋亡中起维护效果[23];AGEs诱导内皮细胞自噬水平增强,增强的自噬能按捺AGEs诱导的内皮细胞凋亡[3]。经过试验,咱们发现丹参酮ⅡA能对立AGEs诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡,其机制或许是经过调理AKT/mTOR信号通路然后调理细胞自噬水平。
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(收稿日期:2017-05-11)