乳牙釉质钙化不全 恒牙邻面去釉之牙釉质厚度的CBCT研讨
陈闰香 陈小燕 丁王辉 蒋娟雯
[摘要] 意图 经过锥体束CT(CBCT)丈量恒牙近、远中邻接区牙釉质厚度,为口腔临床进行邻面去釉供给参阅。办法 从临床拍照的CBCT印象资猜中挑选出55例30岁以下患者的144颗牙齿,运用三维丈量软件InVivo Dental别离丈量恒牙近、远中邻接区的牙釉质厚度,进行统计学剖析。 成果 恒牙近、远中邻接区牙釉质厚度无统计学差异(P>0.05);上(下)颌侧切牙与中切牙邻接区牙釉质厚度无统计学差异(P>0.05),上(下)颌尖牙、前磨牙及榜首磨牙牙釉质厚度均大于中切牙牙釉质厚度(P<0.05);上颌切牙近、远中邻接区牙釉质厚度大于下颌切牙(P<0.05),其他牙位恒牙近、远中邻接区牙釉质厚度在上、下颌同名牙之间差异无统计学含义(P>0.05)。 定论 不同恒牙近、远中邻接区牙釉质厚度并非均匀共同,切牙区最小,每邻接区两牙邻面去釉量最多0.5 mm的辅导准则更适用于切牙区,后牙区或可恰当增大。
[关键词] 恒牙;牙釉质;牙列拥堵;邻面去釉;锥体束CT
[中图分类号] R783.5 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2016)25-0067-03
CBCT study of enamel thickness of the permanent tooth with interproximal enamel reduction
CHEN Runxiang1 CHEN Xiaoyan2 DING Wanghui2 JIANG Juanwen1
1.Department of Stomatology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China; 2.Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
[Abstract] Objective To measure the enamel thickness between the proximal, distal and medium adjacent area of the permanent tooth by the cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) and provide evidence for the interproximal enamel reduction. Methods 144 teeth were screened out from 55 patients under 30 years old by the clinical imaged CBCT materials and 3D measurement software InVivo Dental was applied to respectively measure the thickness of the enamel in the proximal, distal and medium adjacent area of the permanent teeth and statistical analysis was performed. Results The enamel thickness of the proximal, distal and medium adjacent area of the permanent teeth was no significantly different (P>0.05); the enamel thickness of adjacent area of maxillary (mandible) the lateral incisor and central incisor was no significantly different (P>0.05); the enamel thickness of maxillary (mandible) canine tooth, premolar tooth and first molar were all thicker than the thickness of the central incisor (P<0.05); the enamel thickness of the proximal, distal and medium adjacent area of the maxillary incisor was thicker than that of the mandible incisor (P<0.05); and no statistical significance was found in the difference of the enamel thickness of the same tooth in the proximal, distal and medium adjacent area of the rest permanent tooth (P>0.05). Conclusion The enamel thickness of proximal, distal and medium adjacent area of different permanent tooth is not homogeneous and the incisor area is the least. The guide principle of enamel reduction of 0.5 mm at most of the adjacent tooth surface is applicable to the incisor area and molar area can be accordingly enlarged.
[Key words] Permanent tooth; Enamel; Crowded dentition; Interproximal enamel reduction; CBCT
牙列拥堵是错颌变形的重要特征,界说为牙量与骨量不调。牙列拥堵可体现在前牙区或后牙区。因为规整的牙列不光漂亮并且更有利于口腔卫生的保持,处理牙列拥堵、排齐牙列成为患者的首要诉求。正畸医治的患者总想经过非拔牙矫治、最小的调整,最快的完结纠正。1944年Ballard依据牙齿邻接区的生理性磨耗理论提出了邻面去釉技能。正畸医师对重度拥堵病例不得不选用拔牙纠正,关于轻度乃至中度拥堵病例,正畸医师则可选择邻面去釉取得一定量空隙[1,2]。而Bolton不调的患者,经过邻面去釉和谐上下颌牙量是十分必要的[3]。现在隐形纠正技能正遭到越来越多患者和正畸医师的喜爱[4,5],邻面去釉是隐形纠正中常用的技能[6]。现在未有文献报导国人恒牙近远中邻接区牙釉质厚度的具体数据,本研讨旨在阐明国人恒牙近、远中邻接区牙釉质厚度及不同牙位牙釉质厚度的差异,为临床邻面去釉供给参阅。
1 材料与办法
1.1一般材料
从杭州市中医院2013年5月~2016年5月拍照的CBCT印象资猜中按以下标准挑选患者。归入标准:①年纪13~30周岁;②上下牙列扫描无缺。扫除标准:①图画存晃动含糊;②存显着颅颌面变形;③进行过正畸医治。共取得55例印象材料。其中男32例,女23例。从每例印象资猜中按以下标准挑选牙齿。归入标准:邻牙及自身摆放规整。扫除标准:①埋伏牙、阻生牙;②过小牙、融合牙、牙釉质发育不全等牙体发育反常;③重度磨耗;④进行过牙齿邻面充填医治或外形修整医治。
1.2 研讨办法
将每例印象材料以DICOM格局导入三维软件(InVivo Dental,Anatomage,San Jose,Calif)。翻开三维截面界面,经过三维旋转及截面调整功用,找到牙齿近、远中邻接点。办法如下:于牙齿的矢状截面找到牙冠长轴;于牙齿的轴截面和冠状截面一起找到牙齿的近、远中邻接点,于牙齿冠状截面中丈量近、远中邻接区牙釉质厚度。丈量截图见封三图7。丈量作业由一位正畸医师在一段时间内接连独自完结。
1.3 统计学剖析
使用SPSS 16.0统计学软件包进行统计学剖析,一切丈量数据均为计量材料,选用均数±标准差(x±s)标明。一切数据丈量完结后距离1周,随机抽取20颗牙齿重复丈量,使用配对t查验剖析2次丈量成果的共同性、丈量的可重复性;使用Kolmogrov-Smirnov查验承认每项数据的正态性;使用配对t查验剖析近中邻面与远中邻面牙釉质厚度的统计学差异;使用配对t查验别离剖析侧切牙、尖牙、前磨牙、榜首磨牙与中切牙牙釉质厚度的统计学差异;使用配对t查验剖析下颌恒牙与上颌同名牙邻接区牙釉质厚度的统计学差异。P<0.05为差异有统计学含义。
2 成果
两次丈量成果无统计学差异(P>0.05),丈量可重复性好;Kolmogrov-Smirnov查验承认每项数据的遵守正态分布(P>0.05)。
2.1 上、下颌恒牙牙釉质厚度图谱
上下颌切牙近、远中邻接区牙釉质厚度均小于1 mm;上下颌尖牙近、远中邻接区牙釉质厚度均挨近1 mm;上下颌前磨牙和磨牙牙釉质厚度均大于1 mm,榜首磨牙区最大,可达(1.30±0.22)mm。见表2。
2.2 远中邻接区牙釉质厚度与近中邻接区比较(牙内差异)
成果显现各牙位远中邻接区牙釉质厚度与近中邻接区比照均无统计学差异(P>0.05),近、远中邻接区牙釉质厚度数据兼并进行下一步统计剖析。
2.3 侧切牙、尖牙、前磨牙、榜首磨牙与中切牙邻接区牙釉质厚度比较(颌内差异)
上(下)颌侧切牙邻接区牙釉质厚度与中切牙比照无统计学差异(P>0.05);尖牙、前磨牙和榜首磨牙与中切牙邻接区牙釉质厚度比照差异有统计学含义(P<0.05),前者大于后者。见表2。
2.4 下颌牙邻接区牙釉质厚度与上颌同名牙比较(颌间差异)
下颌切牙(中切牙及侧切牙)与上颌切牙邻接区牙釉质厚度存在统计学差异(P<0.05),下颌切牙邻接区牙釉质厚度小于上颌切牙。下颌尖牙、前磨牙、榜首磨牙与上颌同名牙邻接区牙釉质厚度差异无统计学含义(P>0.05)。见表2。
3 评论
丈量牙釉质厚度最佳办法是经过牙齿标本,但邻接无缺的悉数牙位的牙齿标本十分难取得[7]。Stroud等[8]经过根尖片丈量剖析后牙区牙釉质厚度,根尖片为二维图画,存在堆叠、扩大缩小等固有缺点。CBCT具有无扩大缩小、可三维重建等优势,广泛使用于临床查看及研讨[9,10]。相邻牙齿之间存在生理性磨耗,且磨耗跟着年纪增大而增多,本试验选取13~30岁的患者作为研讨目标,牙釉质的生理性磨耗相对较小[11-13]。
相关于拔牙纠正常准备出多于拥堵量的空隙,邻面去釉的首要优势是仅准备出等于拥堵量的空隙。关于邻面去釉,运用时有两个关键问题:榜首,不同牙位各有多少厚度的牙釉质;第二,为维护剩下牙体安排至少剩下多少厚度的牙釉质。关于前者,本研讨成果与Sarig等[7]、Stroud等[8]的研讨成果较为挨近,或许尚存在种族差异,于临床可供给参阅。关于后者,尚无切当循证学数据。Yao等[14]以为牙拥堵量大于5 mm时使用邻面去釉可导致患龋率和牙齿灵敏添加,而Zachrisson等[15]的研讨成果标明依照标准的办法进行邻面去釉,后牙去釉后患龋率和牙齿灵敏不会添加,下前牙去釉后10余年患龋率和牙齿灵敏较对照组没有统计学差异[16,17]。关于牙齿灵敏症状与剩下牙釉质厚度的联系,以下临床现象或许可阐明一些问题:正常牙冠近釉牙本质界处牙釉质十分薄,如上前牙唇侧仅13 μm[18],牙齿并不会因而体现出牙齿灵敏;牙齿磨耗患者剩下绵薄牙釉质时一般不会发作牙齿灵敏。Paganelli C等[19]体内试验标明邻面去釉30 d后牙齿标明形状及成分没有发作显著性改变。关于邻面去釉不同医师持有的情绪略有不同,Barcoma等[20]的查询标明尽管口腔医师都或许会运用邻面去釉办法,可是口腔全科医师会愈加慎重,正畸医师则相对敞开。
临床邻面去釉一般依照单个邻面去除0.25 mm,每邻接区两邻面去除0.5 mm釉质的准则进行[2,7]。本研讨成果显现不同牙位牙釉质厚度存在差异,上下切牙及下颌尖牙邻接区牙釉质厚度小于1 mm,而上颌尖牙及上下颌前磨牙及榜首磨牙牙釉质厚度均大于1 mm,是否提示这些牙齿邻面去釉量能够恰当添加?有学者以为可依照50%去釉量进行[7,8],Sarig等[7]、Stroud等[8]经过前磨牙和磨牙邻面去釉处理了下牙列8 mm的拥堵空隙。依据本研讨成果计算,去除单侧上(下)颌50%的釉质厚度所取得的空隙已挨近拔除一颗前磨牙所获的空隙。本研讨以为广泛的、很多的邻面去釉的临床运用或许存在局限性,但部分邻面去釉量或可大于0.25 mm。
综上所述,不同恒牙近、远中面邻接区牙釉质厚度并非均匀共同,每邻接区两颗牙邻面去釉量最多0.5 mm的辅导准则更适用于切牙区,后牙区或可恰当增大[21,22]。
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(收稿日期:2016-06-25)
