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神经内镜造瘘手术:兰索拉唑对经皮内镜下胃造瘘术并发症防治的临床研讨

点击:0时间:2018-10-11 05:33:32

郭宏兴+高珂+陈曦+邓庆文+唐蓉晖+邓瑞华

[摘要] 意图 评论兰索拉唑对经皮内镜下胃造瘘术(PEG)并发症的防治效果。 办法 挑选我院收治的鼻咽癌患者90例,分为对照组、1周医治组和2周医治组,每组30例,对照组行PEG肠内养分,1周医治组和2周医治组行PEG肠内养分后别离予兰索拉唑医治1周和2周,剖析4周后三组患者的养分目标和并发症的发作状况。 成果 术后三组患者养分目标较术前显着改进(P<0.01),医治组患者并发症的发作率显着低于对照组(P<0.01),1周医治组及2周医治组患者的并发症发作率无显着差异(P>0.05)。定论PEG能改进患者的养分状况,术后运用兰索拉唑1周,能下降并发症的发作。

[关键词] 经皮内镜下胃造瘘术;兰索拉唑;并发症

[中图分类号] R730.5 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2014)02-0051-03

Clinical study on lansoprazole for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy complications prevention and treatment.

GUO Hongxing1 GAO Ke1 CHEN Xi2 DENG Qingwen1 TANG Ronghui1 DENG Ruihua1

1.Department of Gastroenterology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China; 2.Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510900, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the role of lansoprazole for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) complications prevention and treatment. Methods Researched ninety patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in our hospital. The patients were divided into control group, one week treatment group and two weeks treatment group, with each group thirty cases. The control group received PEG enteral nutrition, one week treatment group and two weeks treatment group were respectively given lansoprazole treatment one week and two weeks after received PEG enteral nutrition. The three groups patients of nutritional indicators and the incidence of complications were analysed after four weeks. Results The three groups patients after surgery compared with preoperative nutritional parameters improved significantly (P<0.01). The incidence of complications in treatment groups was significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.01). Patients in one week treatment group and two weeks treatment group with no significant difference in the incidence of complications(P>0.05). Conclusion PEG can improve the patient's nutritional status; postoperative use of lansoprazole one week, can reduce the incidence of complications.

[Key words] Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; Lansoprazole; Complications

1980年经皮内镜下胃造瘘术被介绍运用于临床[1],30多年来PEG临床运用的规模不断扩展,越来越受到重视,该项技能已在欧美、日本等国家代替外科胃造瘘,现在PEG已经成为需求长时间肠内养分支撑患者的首选办法,但其并发症如吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血、消化性溃疡等的发作率却不容忽视。但是,现在国内尚无有用防治该并发症发作的临床研讨,本研讨评论兰索拉唑防治PEG术后并发症的临床效果。

1 材料与办法

1.1 一般材料

1.1.1 病例规范 ①鼻咽癌经医治或未医治后,导致吞咽困难、神经性厌食患者;②患者能够耐受麻醉、胃镜查看以及一般手术;③患者有胃肠道功用存在,能够耐受肠内养分。④患者咽、食管、贲门无严峻狭隘,可通过胃镜查看。

1.1.2 病例选取 根据病例归入规范,选取2010年10月~2013年8月我院收治的鼻咽癌患者90例。对照组30例,男24例,女6例,年纪33~82岁,均匀(44.6±10.3)岁;1周医治组30例,男23例,女7例,年纪35~81岁,均匀(46.2±15.1)岁;2周医治组30例,男25例,女5例,年纪32~80岁,均匀(46.7±12.3)岁,三组患者的年纪、性别间具有均衡性。endprint

1.2 研讨办法

1.2.1 设备和药品 日本Olympus公司出产的GIF-XQ260型电子胃镜,美国COOK公司出产的PEG-24一次性运用胃造瘘管,活检钳,江苏奥赛康药业股份有限公司于2010年3月6日出产的注射用兰索拉唑(奥维加)、国药准字H20080336。

1.2.2 PEG肠内养分 患者术前禁食8h,惯例查看血惯例、凝血惯例、肝肾功用等正常后走PEG术。患者先左侧卧位,当胃镜抵达胃内后取仰卧位,查看上消化道无器质性病变后,将胃镜放置在胃体上部,调理胃镜前端对准胃前壁,注气使胃腔充盈扩张,并使胃壁与腹壁紧贴,将胃镜置于胃体下部前壁,根据胃镜在腹壁的透光点,用手指按压部分腹壁,胃镜下可见到胃前壁压迹,即断定该处为造瘘部位,行皮肤消毒、铺洞巾后,在穿刺点部分麻醉至腹膜,于穿刺点皮肤作0.6~1.0cm的切断至皮下,行钝性别离至肌膜,将套管穿刺针笔直刺入胃腔后退出针芯,沿套管插导丝入胃腔,术者用活检钳经胃镜活检孔刺进胃腔夹牢导丝,将胃镜连同活检钳和导丝一同从口腔退出,将导丝与造瘘管鼠尾状扩张导管套牢,缓慢将造瘘管引导经口送入胃腔并经腹壁开口处悄悄拉出,直至其顶级拉出腹壁外并感觉显着阻力。再次刺进胃镜调查蘑菇头,使之与胃壁紧贴后消毒伤口,并在腹壁处固定,手术结束。于手术24h后缓慢、少数、屡次进食,术前、术后均惯例运用抗生素防备感染,术后2周内伤口每日换药1次。进食前后均用0.9%氯化钠溶液30~50mL冲管,避免阻塞。每次喂养举高床头使患者处于半卧位或座位,喂养结束后坚持此姿态30~60min,以削减胃食管反流的发作。

1.2.3 兰索拉唑医治 术后医治组患者均给予兰索拉唑医治,按药品说明书操作:用专用溶剂溶解注射用兰索拉唑钠40mg后,参加0.9%氯化钠溶液100mL中稀释后静脉滴注,每隔12小时1次;1周医治组医治1周,2周医治组医治2周。

1.2.4 调查目标 调查三组患者术后4周体重指数(BMI)、血红蛋白(HGB)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)养分目标状况。计算三组术后吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性溃疡的发作状况。

1.2.5 计算学办法 选用SPSS 13.0计算软件对数据进行处理,计量材料用(x±s)标明,多组比较行组间方差剖析,两两比较选用q查验,计数材料比较选用χ2查验。P<0.05为差异有计算学含义。

2 成果

2.1 三组养分目标改进状况

见表1。手术过程均顺畅,养分康复杰出,术后三组患者养分目标较术前显着改进(P<0.01),三组间患者的养分目标无显着差异(P>0.05)。

2.2 三组并发症发作状况

见表2。医治前吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性溃疡的发作率无显着差异(P>0.05);医治组吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性溃疡的发作率显着低于对照组(P<0.01),而1周医治组及2周医治组患者的并发症发作率无显着差异(P>0.05)。

表1 三组患者养分目标的比较(x±s,n=30)

3 评论

鼻咽癌指发作于鼻咽黏膜上皮的恶性肿瘤,全球有80%的鼻咽癌患者在我国。鼻咽癌的发病率以我国的南边较高,特别是广东的中部和西部的肇庆、佛山和广州区域更高。鼻咽癌患者极易导致养分不良[2,3],给予鼻咽癌患者长时间、安全、有用的肠内养分支撑,是处理养分不良、进步生存率的一种必要途径[4]。虽然鼻胃管饲仍为一种有用的管饲养分办法,但对患者身体和心思形成影响,极大地下降了患者的依从性[5,6]。改用PEG能够改进患者的日子质量,简化护理,易于在家中进行护理,比鼻胃管更舒适和漂亮;且患者能够自已给食、藏于腹上保持表面庄严、易于被患者所承受[7,8]。

自从1980年第1次陈述PEG以来,现已广泛地运用于临床,它无需惯例外科手术和全身麻醉的造瘘技能,能够在胃镜室或病房局麻下进行,因而是一种操作简洁、伤口小、安全可靠的办法。但PEG是一种有创操作,操作中及操作后均会发作并发症。研讨显现,1%~2%的患者逝世与并发症有关[9],由于所选患者以及医疗技能的差异,并发症的发作率有很大的差异。国外研讨显现,PEG的细微并发症率为13%,严峻并发症率为8%[10,11]。怎么最大极限地防备并发症,成为临床不容忽视的问题。本试验评论兰索拉唑对PEG并发症的防治效果,为临床有用防治吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性溃疡的发作供给有用根据。

胃壁细胞的质子泵按捺剂,抑酸效果强,特异性高,持续时间持久。胃酸排泄的最终过程是胃壁细胞内质子泵驱动细胞内H+与小管内K+交流。质子泵按捺剂阻断了胃酸排泄的最终通道,与以往临床运用的按捺胃酸药物H2受体拮抗剂相比较,效果位点不同且有着不同的特色,即夜间的抑酸效果好、起效快,抑酸效果强且时间长;不仅能非竞争性按捺促胃液素、组胺、胆碱及食物影响迷走神经等引起的胃酸排泄,并且能按捺不受胆碱或H2受体阻断剂影响的部分根底胃酸排泄。质子泵按捺剂首要用于:消化性溃疡出血、吻合口溃疡出血[12];应激状态时并发的急性胃黏膜危害和非甾体类抗炎药引起的急性胃黏膜损害;胃手术后防备再出血[13];全身麻醉或大手术后以及虚弱昏倒患者避免胃酸反流兼并吸入性肺炎等[14,15]。兰索拉唑是奥美拉唑晋级换代产品,是一新式按捺胃酸排泄的药物,其结构特色是侧链中导入氟元素而替代苯并咪唑化合物,使其生物利费用较奥美拉唑进步了30%以上,而对幽门螺杆菌的抑菌活性比奥美拉唑进步了4倍。因而,PEG术后给予兰索拉唑,更有利于防治PEG并发症;但术后运用兰索拉唑医治需求多长时间才合理,现在咱们尚没有这方面的理论根据。

咱们的研讨标明,对照组、1周医治组和2周医治组均可显着改进鼻咽癌患者体重指数、血红蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白养分目标状况(P<0.01),三组间患者的养分目标无显着差异(P>0.05)。1周医治组和2周医治组吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性溃疡的发作率显着低于对照组(P<0.01),而1周医治组及2周医治组患者的并发症发作率无显着差异(P>0.05)。endprint

以上标明,PEG的肠内养分可显着改进鼻咽癌患者的养分不良,及时地处理养分支撑问题,术后运用1周的兰索拉唑医治,能有用防治吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性溃疡的发作。因而,关于改进病况的开展、进步患者的日子质量、减轻患者的家庭和社会担负都有活跃的效果,值得在临床中大力推广运用。

[参考文献]

[1] Gaudw MW, Ponsky JL, Izant RJ Jr. Gastrostomy without laparotomy: a percutaneous endoscopic technique[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 1980, 15(6): 872-875.

[2] Abbasi AN, Zahid S, Bhurgri Y, et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma - an update of treatment and acute radiation induced reactions from a tertiary-care hospital in Pakistan[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011, 12(3):735-738.

[3] Peerawong T, Phungrassami T, Pruegsanusak K, et al. Comparison of treatment compliance and nutritional outcomes among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with and without percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy during chemoradiation[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012, 13(11):5805-5809.

[4] 魏祥志, 张科, 汪永和, 等. 贲门癌、食管癌术后前期肠内养分运用的领会[J]. 我国现代医师, 2011,49(31) :139-141.

[5] Oostdijk EA, de Smet AM, Bonten MJ, et al. Effects of decontamination of the digestive tract and oropharynx in intensive care unit patients on 1-year survival[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013, 188(1):117-120.

[6] Hutchinson E, Wilson N. Acute stroke, dysphagia and nutritional support[J]. Br J Community Nurs, 2013, Suppl:26-29.

[7] Thomson M, Rao P, Rawat D, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and gastro-oesophageal reflux in neurologically impaired children[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2011, 17(2): 191-196.

[8] McGinnis CM, Worthington P, Lord LM. Nasogastric versus feeding tubes in critically ill patients[J]. Crit Care Nurse, 2010, 30(6):80-82.

[9] Johnston SD, Tham TC, Mason M. Death after PEG: results of the national confidential enquiry into patient outcome and death[J]. Gastrointest Endosc, 2008, 68(2): 223-227.

[10] Schrag SP, Sharma R, Jaik NP, et al. Complications related to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes. A comprehensive clinical review[J]. Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 2007, 16(4): 407-418.

[11] Szarszewski A, Szlzgatys-Sidorkiewicz A, Borkowska A, et al. Posterior gastric wall ulceration as a complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. A report of 2 cases[J]. Med Wieku Rozwoj, 2009, 13(3): 209-211.

[12] Yen HH, Yang CW, Su WW, et al. Oral versus intravenous proton pump inhibitors in preventing re-bleeding for patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after successful endoscopic therapy[J]. BMC Gastroenterol,2012, 12(1): 66.

[13] Tomita T, Kim Y, Yamasaki T, et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of omeprazole and famotidine in preventing delayed bleeding and promoting ulcer healing after endoscopic submucosal dissection[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2012, 27(9): 1441-1446.

[14] Yoshida S, Nii M, Date M. Effects of omeprazole on symptoms and quality of life in Japanese patients with reflux esophagitis: final results of OMAREE, a large-scale clinical experience investigation[J]. BMC Gastroenterol,2011,11(1): 15.

[15] Chan WH, Khin LW, Chung YF, et al. Randomized controlled trial of standard versus high-dose intravenous omeprazole after endoscopic therapy in high-risk patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding[J]. Br J Surg, 2011, 98(5): 640-644.

(收稿日期:2013-11-06)endprint

以上标明,PEG的肠内养分可显着改进鼻咽癌患者的养分不良,及时地处理养分支撑问题,术后运用1周的兰索拉唑医治,能有用防治吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性溃疡的发作。因而,关于改进病况的开展、进步患者的日子质量、减轻患者的家庭和社会担负都有活跃的效果,值得在临床中大力推广运用。

[参考文献]

[1] Gaudw MW, Ponsky JL, Izant RJ Jr. Gastrostomy without laparotomy: a percutaneous endoscopic technique[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 1980, 15(6): 872-875.

[2] Abbasi AN, Zahid S, Bhurgri Y, et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma - an update of treatment and acute radiation induced reactions from a tertiary-care hospital in Pakistan[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011, 12(3):735-738.

[3] Peerawong T, Phungrassami T, Pruegsanusak K, et al. Comparison of treatment compliance and nutritional outcomes among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with and without percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy during chemoradiation[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012, 13(11):5805-5809.

[4] 魏祥志, 张科, 汪永和, 等. 贲门癌、食管癌术后前期肠内养分运用的领会[J]. 我国现代医师, 2011,49(31) :139-141.

[5] Oostdijk EA, de Smet AM, Bonten MJ, et al. Effects of decontamination of the digestive tract and oropharynx in intensive care unit patients on 1-year survival[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013, 188(1):117-120.

[6] Hutchinson E, Wilson N. Acute stroke, dysphagia and nutritional support[J]. Br J Community Nurs, 2013, Suppl:26-29.

[7] Thomson M, Rao P, Rawat D, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and gastro-oesophageal reflux in neurologically impaired children[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2011, 17(2): 191-196.

[8] McGinnis CM, Worthington P, Lord LM. Nasogastric versus feeding tubes in critically ill patients[J]. Crit Care Nurse, 2010, 30(6):80-82.

[9] Johnston SD, Tham TC, Mason M. Death after PEG: results of the national confidential enquiry into patient outcome and death[J]. Gastrointest Endosc, 2008, 68(2): 223-227.

[10] Schrag SP, Sharma R, Jaik NP, et al. Complications related to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes. A comprehensive clinical review[J]. Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 2007, 16(4): 407-418.

[11] Szarszewski A, Szlzgatys-Sidorkiewicz A, Borkowska A, et al. Posterior gastric wall ulceration as a complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. A report of 2 cases[J]. Med Wieku Rozwoj, 2009, 13(3): 209-211.

[12] Yen HH, Yang CW, Su WW, et al. Oral versus intravenous proton pump inhibitors in preventing re-bleeding for patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after successful endoscopic therapy[J]. BMC Gastroenterol,2012, 12(1): 66.

[13] Tomita T, Kim Y, Yamasaki T, et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of omeprazole and famotidine in preventing delayed bleeding and promoting ulcer healing after endoscopic submucosal dissection[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2012, 27(9): 1441-1446.

[14] Yoshida S, Nii M, Date M. Effects of omeprazole on symptoms and quality of life in Japanese patients with reflux esophagitis: final results of OMAREE, a large-scale clinical experience investigation[J]. BMC Gastroenterol,2011,11(1): 15.

[15] Chan WH, Khin LW, Chung YF, et al. Randomized controlled trial of standard versus high-dose intravenous omeprazole after endoscopic therapy in high-risk patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding[J]. Br J Surg, 2011, 98(5): 640-644.

(收稿日期:2013-11-06)endprint

以上标明,PEG的肠内养分可显着改进鼻咽癌患者的养分不良,及时地处理养分支撑问题,术后运用1周的兰索拉唑医治,能有用防治吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性溃疡的发作。因而,关于改进病况的开展、进步患者的日子质量、减轻患者的家庭和社会担负都有活跃的效果,值得在临床中大力推广运用。

[参考文献]

[1] Gaudw MW, Ponsky JL, Izant RJ Jr. Gastrostomy without laparotomy: a percutaneous endoscopic technique[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 1980, 15(6): 872-875.

[2] Abbasi AN, Zahid S, Bhurgri Y, et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma - an update of treatment and acute radiation induced reactions from a tertiary-care hospital in Pakistan[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011, 12(3):735-738.

[3] Peerawong T, Phungrassami T, Pruegsanusak K, et al. Comparison of treatment compliance and nutritional outcomes among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with and without percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy during chemoradiation[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012, 13(11):5805-5809.

[4] 魏祥志, 张科, 汪永和, 等. 贲门癌、食管癌术后前期肠内养分运用的领会[J]. 我国现代医师, 2011,49(31) :139-141.

[5] Oostdijk EA, de Smet AM, Bonten MJ, et al. Effects of decontamination of the digestive tract and oropharynx in intensive care unit patients on 1-year survival[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013, 188(1):117-120.

[6] Hutchinson E, Wilson N. Acute stroke, dysphagia and nutritional support[J]. Br J Community Nurs, 2013, Suppl:26-29.

[7] Thomson M, Rao P, Rawat D, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and gastro-oesophageal reflux in neurologically impaired children[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2011, 17(2): 191-196.

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(收稿日期:2013-11-06)endprint

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