万古霉素耐药粪肠球菌首选 2010~2013年239株粪肠球菌临床耐药特征
贝华锋+茅国峰
[摘要] 意图 评论本院近三年粪肠球菌临床散布及耐药性特征,为临床用药供给参阅。 办法 选取近三年临床别离出的粪肠球菌239株,剖析其临床散布特征,并做惯例抗生素灵敏性实验,用whonet5.4软件进行统计学剖析。成果 粪肠球菌大多来历于肝胆外科、泌尿外科的尿液、胆汁和引流液标本;对喹努普汀/达福普汀耐药率为100%,对四环素和红霉素耐药率均为53.14%,呋喃妥因对粪肠球菌灵敏性较高,为95.82%;粪肠球菌对替加环素、替考拉宁和万古霉素全灵敏。定论 加强药敏实验,定时监测临床耐药现象,对辅导临床用药具有重要意义。
[关键词] 粪肠球菌;耐药性;抗生素;药敏实验
[中图分类号] R446.5 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2014)28-0063-03
肠球菌属为条件致病性菌,可形成人体多种安排器官感染,为人体肠道内正常寄生菌群,异味寄生可引起呼吸道、泌尿道及败血症等一系列感染病症。近年来发现肠球菌引起的院内感染现象日益严重,且对惯例药物耐药性日益严重,其间最常见的为粪肠球菌[1,2],简单被忽视,为了解本院粪肠球菌感染状况及耐药率,选取近三年来临床别离的粪肠球菌为研讨目标,剖析其临床散布及感染状况,一起监测其对各种常见抗生素耐药率及灵敏性,为临床医生挑选抗生素做参阅。
1 资料与办法
1.1 标本来历
搜集中医院2010~2013年三年临床科室别离的239株粪肠球菌,操作规程按卫生部规范进行。
1.2 剖析办法
选用法国全自动梅里埃微生物断定仪别离断定菌株,纸片分散法(K-B法)进行药敏实验,根据CLSI规则的规范断定成果[3]。
1.3 药敏纸片
药敏纸片为喹努普汀/达福普汀、四环素、红霉素、高水平庆大霉素、高水平链霉素、氨苄西林、青霉素G、环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、呋喃妥因、替加环素、替考拉宁和万古霉素。
1.4 统计学处理
Whonet5.4软件进行统计学剖析。
2 成果
2.1 标本来历
本院别离的239株粪肠球菌首要取自胆汁、尿液及引流液中,占80%以上,其间尿液97例,胆汁86例,见表1。
2.2 科室散布
肝胆外科和泌尿外科别离别离出粪肠球菌108株和63株,占大多数,其他各科室别离菌落数较少,见表2 。
2.3 药敏实验
药敏成果显现粪肠球菌对喹努普汀/达福普汀耐药率为100%,对四环素和红霉素耐药率均为53.14%,呋喃妥因对粪肠球菌灵敏性较高,为95.82;对青霉素G、氨苄西林和莫西沙星等灵敏性亦较高,为80%左右,粪肠球菌对替加环素、替考拉宁和万古霉素全灵敏(表3)。
3 评论
肠球菌存在于人及动物肠道内,归于正常菌群,开始在肠道及盆腔感染中被发现,在院内感染致病菌中仅次于葡萄球菌。肠球菌可以引起一系列感染病灶,如泌尿系统感染、呼吸系统感染及败血症等感染症状。其间最重要的代表是粪肠球菌,归于条件致病菌。近几年来,因为运用侵入性医治,免疫按捺剂的广泛运用以及不合理运用抗菌药物等若干原因,导致粪肠球菌耐药现象日益严峻,应受到临床注重。
本文对临床别离出的239株粪肠球菌统计剖析标明,粪肠球菌大多数来自于胆汁、尿液及引流液等标本中。据报导院内尿路感染中大肠杆菌居首,肠球菌以16%的份额位居第二,导致这种现象的原因首要与导尿管的留置、医疗器械的操作以及反常的尿路结构相关,如肾盂肾炎及膀胱炎等,也有少量为肾周脓肿[4,5]。与廖国林等[6]报导成果共同,但与刘媚娜等[7]成果具有必定差异,这与医院的科室结构、床位装备、病种构成、标本来历等不同有关。关于本院而言,肝胆外科和泌尿外科别离别离出粪肠球菌108株和63株,占大多数。
近年来因为免疫按捺剂和广谱抗菌药物运用,呈现了耐高浓度氨基糖苷类药物肠球菌属(HLAR)[8-10]和耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE)[11,12]。氨基糖苷类抗生素关于细菌的效果首要是按捺细菌蛋白质的组成,研讨标明,氨基糖苷类抗生素阻碍初始复合物的组成,经过影响细菌蛋白质组成全过程,诱导细菌组成过错蛋白以及阻抑已组成蛋白的开释,然后导致细菌逝世。耐高浓度氨基糖苷类药物肠球菌属发生的质粒介导的氨基糖苷类润饰酶[如乙酰转移酶(AAC)、磷酸转移酶(APH)、核苷转移酶(ANT)]使氨基糖苷类抗菌药物氨基乙酰化、羟基磷酸化和羟基核苷化,不能再与细菌核糖体结合,使得该类细菌与细胞壁组成药物的联合用药的协同效果消失[13-16]。本院粪肠球菌药敏成果显现粪肠球菌对喹努普汀/达福普汀耐药率为100%,对四环素和红霉素耐药率均为53.14%。相关文献[17-19]研讨标明肠球菌对青霉素灵敏性较差,首要机制为细菌发生一种特别的青霉素结合蛋白(PBP5),后者与青霉素的亲和力减低,然后导致耐药[20,21],本研讨显现粪肠球菌对青霉素G灵敏性亦较高,提示本院没有呈现较高的青霉素耐药粪肠球菌,肠球菌属一般存在于人体肠道和女人生殖道中,并且常常存在于环境中,这类细菌可形成感染。万古霉素常常作为医治肠球菌属感染的最终有用抗菌药物,某些状况下,肠球菌属对万古霉素发生耐药,这类细菌称为耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE),大多数的VRE感染一般发生在医院内[22,23]。本院粪肠球菌对氨基糖苷类药物庆大霉素和链霉素耐药率亦较低,灵敏性为万古霉素100%,没有呈现耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE)菌株,标明肠球菌中粪肠球菌耐药性遍及较屎肠球菌平缓,与相关文献报导共同[22,23],但临床有必要严厉依照实验室检测的耐药状况进行用药,防止耐药现象加剧。
从本文粪肠球菌耐药剖析得出,现在我院别离的粪肠球菌耐药现象操控较好,常用药物亦具有较强的抗菌效果。临床上应对产菌株进行监测,临床医生应防止经历用药,要经过耐药性检测和药敏实验为其供给合理挑选抗生素医治的直接根据,以到达添加治愈率,削减耐药率的意图,操控耐药菌株的播散和盛行。endprint
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(收稿日期:2014-03-11)endprint
[16] Mendiratta DK,Kaur H,Deotale V,et al. Status of high level aminoglycoside resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in a rural hospital of central India[J]. Indian J Med Microbiol,2008,26(4):369-371.
[17] Cercenado E. Enterococcus:phenotype and genotype resistance and epidemiology in Spain[J]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin,2011,29(5):59-65.
[18] Schwaiger K,Bauer J,Hormansdorfer S,et al. Presence of the resistance genes vanC1 and pbp5 in phenotypically vancomycin and ampicillin susceptible Enterococcus faecalis[J]. Microb Drug Resist,2012,18(4):434-439.
[19] Hanchi H,Hammami R,Kourda R,et al. Bacteriocinogenic properties and in vitro probiotic potential of Enterococci from Tunisian dairy products[J]. Arch Microbiol, 2014,196(5):331-344.
[20] Leimanis S,Hoyez N,Hubert S,et al. PBP5 complementation of a PBP3 deficiency in Enterococcus hirae[J]. J Bacteriol,2006,188(17):6298-6307.
[21] López M,Tenorio C,Del Campo R. Characterization of the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in vancomycin-resistant Enterococci of different origins[J]. J Chemother,2011,23(2):87-91.
[22] Eerdunbayaer EY,Orabi MA,Aoyama H,et al. Structures of two new flavonoids and effects of licorice phenolics on vancomycin-resistantent Enterococcus species[J]. Mole-cules,2014,19(4):3883-3897.
[23] Jovanovic M,Milosevic B,Dulovic O,et al. Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in Serbia:intensive care unit as the source[J]. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung,2013,60(4):433-446.
(收稿日期:2014-03-11)endprint
[16] Mendiratta DK,Kaur H,Deotale V,et al. Status of high level aminoglycoside resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in a rural hospital of central India[J]. Indian J Med Microbiol,2008,26(4):369-371.
[17] Cercenado E. Enterococcus:phenotype and genotype resistance and epidemiology in Spain[J]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin,2011,29(5):59-65.
[18] Schwaiger K,Bauer J,Hormansdorfer S,et al. Presence of the resistance genes vanC1 and pbp5 in phenotypically vancomycin and ampicillin susceptible Enterococcus faecalis[J]. Microb Drug Resist,2012,18(4):434-439.
[19] Hanchi H,Hammami R,Kourda R,et al. Bacteriocinogenic properties and in vitro probiotic potential of Enterococci from Tunisian dairy products[J]. Arch Microbiol, 2014,196(5):331-344.
[20] Leimanis S,Hoyez N,Hubert S,et al. PBP5 complementation of a PBP3 deficiency in Enterococcus hirae[J]. J Bacteriol,2006,188(17):6298-6307.
[21] López M,Tenorio C,Del Campo R. Characterization of the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in vancomycin-resistant Enterococci of different origins[J]. J Chemother,2011,23(2):87-91.
[22] Eerdunbayaer EY,Orabi MA,Aoyama H,et al. Structures of two new flavonoids and effects of licorice phenolics on vancomycin-resistantent Enterococcus species[J]. Mole-cules,2014,19(4):3883-3897.
[23] Jovanovic M,Milosevic B,Dulovic O,et al. Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in Serbia:intensive care unit as the source[J]. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung,2013,60(4):433-446.
(收稿日期:2014-03-11)endprint
